Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects
Men | Women | Total | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 718) | (n = 837) | (n = 1555) | ||
Age (years), mean ± SD | 47.2 ± 17.4 | 47.6 ± 18.0 | 47.4 ± 17.7 | 0.622 |
20-29% | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 0.799 |
30-39 | 21.6 | 22.5 | 22.1 | |
40-49 | 17.8 | 16.5 | 17.1 | |
50-59 | 13.7 | 13.9 | 13.8 | |
60-69 | 14.2 | 12.5 | 13.3 | |
70+ | 13.9 | 15.9 | 15.0 | |
Residence, % | ||||
Urban | 74.0 | 76.9 | 75.6 | 0.172 |
Rural | 26.0 | 23.1 | 24.4 | |
Education, % | ||||
Little or no formal education | 21.1 | 29.1 | 25.4 | 0.004 |
Primary | 20.3 | 17.0 | 18.5 | |
Secondary | 39.1 | 35.6 | 37.2 | |
University | 19.6 | 18.3 | 18.9 | |
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 97.5 ± 10.8 | 87.3 ± 13.4 | 92.1 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 134.4 ± 20.6 | 122.5 ± 24.0 | 128.0 ± 23.3 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 80.4 ± 11.2 | 74.2 ± 10.3 | 77.0 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 99.5 ± 29.8 | 93.4 ± 25.3 | 96.2 ± 27.6 | <0.001 |
HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 49.3 ± 11.2 | 59.6 ± 13.5 | 54.9 ± 13.5 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl), mean ± SD | 128.9 ± 111.2 | 92.5 ± 51.4 | 109.3 ± 86.4 | <0.001 |
Glucose status, % | ||||
Normoglycaemia | 68.0 | 78.7 | 73.8 | <0.001 |
Impaired fasting glucose | 19.5 | 11.7 | 15.3 | |
Diabetes | 12.5 | 9.6 | 10.9 | |
Smoking, % | ||||
Non-smoker | 46.3 | 65.4 | 56.6 | <0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 15.0 | 4.1 | 9.1 | |
Current smoker | 38.7 | 30.5 | 34.3 | |
Leisure-time physical activity | ||||
Household chores (hours/week), mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 6.4 | 22.9 ± 17.3 | 14.1 ± 16.5 | <0.001 |
Walking (hours/week), mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 7.3 | 5.9 ± 6.1 | 6.4 ± 6.7 | 0.003 |
Moderate/vigorous PA (hours/week), mean ± SD | 1.9 ± 3.8 | 0.9 ± 2.2 | 1.4 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |