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Table 4 Odds ratios (OR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by risk factors in the ethnic groups

From: Cardiovascular disease by diabetes status in five ethnic minority groups compared to ethnic Norwegians

 

Norwegian group

Ethnic minority group b

 

Risk factors a

   
 

ORc (95% CI)

ORc (95% CI)

Pd

Age (≥ 50 years vs. < 50 years)

4.4 (3.2-5.9)

2.4 (1.7-3.3)

0.008

Gender (women vs. men)

0.5 (0.4-0.7)

0.8 (0.5-1.2)

0.070

Self-reported diabetes (yes vs. no)

4.4 (2.9-6.6)

2.2 (1.4-3.4)

0.024

WHR (continuous)

1.2 (1.0-1.4)

1.4 (1.1-1.8)

0.276

Current smoking (yes vs. no)

1.2 (0.9-1.5)

1.3 (0.9-1.8)

0.854

Hypertension (yes vs. no)

1.9 (1.5-2.5)

1.9 (1.3-2.6)

0.899

Hypercholesterolemia (yes vs. no)

2.6 (2.0-3.3)

1.7 (1.2-2.3)

0.029

Education duration

   

   10-12 years vs. 0-9 years

0.8 (0.6-1.1)

0.7 (0.5-1.1)

0.773

   13-15 years vs. 0-9 years

0.7 (0.5-0.9)

0.9 (0.6-1.4)

0.286

   > 15 years vs. 0-9 years

0.5 (0.4-0.7)

0.8 (0.5-1.2)

0.190

  1. a Risk factors for CVD: age, gender, diabetes status, WHR = waist-to-hip ratio, Hypertension = Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or use of medication for hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia = serum cholesterol ≥ 6.2 mmol/l or use of lipid-lowering medications.
  2. b Ethnic minority group: pooled group with individuals born in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Iran, Vietnam and Turkey.
  3. c Logistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI for CVD for risk factors. Each OR was adjusted for all other variables in the table.
  4. d p: significance level of the interaction between the particular risk factor and country of birth adjusted for the other variables.