Table 1 Characteristics of study and comparison groups
From: Effect of Qigong on quality of life: a cross-sectional population-based comparison study in Taiwan
Variables/n (%) or mean ± S.D. | Study group (n = 165) | Comparison group (n = 660) | pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 68(41.2) | 272(41.2) | 1.000 |
   Female | 97(58.8) | 388(58.8) |  |
Age | Â | Â | Â |
   < 60 | 67(40.6) | 223(33.8) | 0.200 |
   60-69 | 55(33.3) | 227(34.4) |  |
   ≥ 70 | 43(26.1) | 210(31.8) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â |
   High school or less | 117(70.9) | 449(68.0) | 0.476 |
   College or above | 48(29.1) | 211(32.0) |  |
Alcohol use | Â | Â | Â |
   Rarely | 128(77.6) | 547(82.9) | 0.001 |
   Occasionally | 31(18.8) | 62(9.4) |  |
   Regularly | 6(3.6) | 51(7.7) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 131(79.4) | 515(78.0) | 0.018 |
   Ever | 20(12.1) | 47(7.1) |  |
   Current | 14(8.5) | 98(14.9) |  |
Exercise status | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 0(0.0) | 206(31.2) | < .001 |
   Yes | 165(100.0) | 454(68.8) |  |
Exercise by calories | Â | Â | Â |
   No exercise | 0(0.0) | 206(31.2) | < .001 |
   < 1000 kcal/week | 26(15.8) | 257(38.9) |  |
   ≥ 1000 kcal/week | 139(84.2) | 197(29.9) |  |
Stroke | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 164(99.4) | 642(97.3) | 0.146 |
   Yes | 1(0.6) | 18(2.7) |  |
Diabetes | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 156(94.6) | 580(87.9) | 0.014 |
   Yes | 9(5.5) | 80(12.1) |  |
Heart disease | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 159(96.4) | 538(81.5) | < .001 |
   Yes | 6(3.6) | 122(18.5) |  |
Hypertension | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 138(83.6) | 441(66.8) | < .001 |
   Yes | 27(16.4) | 219(33.2) |  |
Practice year | 12.4 ± 7.9 |  |  |
   < 10 years | 64(38.8) |  |  |
   10~20 years | 76(46.1) |  |  |
   > 20 years | 25(15.2) |  |  |
SF-36 scale | Â | Â | Â |
   PF | 86.8 ± 14.9 | 78.6 ± 23.5 | < .001 |
   RP | 82.3 ± 31.5 | 65.8 ± 43.5 | < .001 |
   BP | 82.3 ± 15.1 | 74.9 ± 22.9 | < .001 |
   GH | 75.8 ± 17.4 | 59.3 ± 22.7 | < .001 |
   VT | 72.1 ± 16.7 | 62.8 ± 20.1 | < .001 |
   SF | 84.1 ± 14.2 | 82.4 ± 20.9 | 0.211 |
   RE | 79.2 ± 33.8 | 75.4 ± 39.5 | 0.215 |
   MH | 76.5 ± 14.6 | 72.3 ± 17.4 | 0.002 |
   PC | 52.0 ± 5.9 | 46.3 ± 10.4 | < .001 |
   MC | 50.9 ± 7.8 | 49.9 ± 9.6 | 0.154 |