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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for controlling behavior and risks of lifetime exposure to sexual violence

From: Controlling behavior, power relations within intimate relationships and intimate partner physical and sexual violence against women in Nigeria

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

Characteristics

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

Control in relationships

    

Controlling behavior

    

No

1

1

1

1

Yes

3.65 (2.92 - 4.56)

3.46 (2.70 - 4.43)

3.89 (2.49 - 6.08)

4.01 (2.54 - 6.34)

Justifying wife beating

    

No

 

1

1

1

Yes

 

1.89 (1.57 - 2.27)

2.19 (1.58 - 3.05)

2.20 (1.56 - 3.11)

Decision-making autonomy

    

No

 

1

1

1

Yes

 

0.53 (0.44 - 0.65)

0.55 (0.38 - 0.80)

0.61 (0.42 - 0.90)

Relationship inequality

    

Spouses' relative earnings

    

Woman earns same

  

1

1

Woman earns less

  

2.27 (0.83 - 6.22)

2.38 (0.87 - 6.56)

Woman earns more

  

4.70 (1.56 - 14.22)

4.73 (1.54 - 14.51)

Woman's partner does not contribute

  

1.89 (0.56 - 6.39)

2.03 (0.60 - 6.93)

Spouses' relative education

    

Woman has same

  

1

1

Woman has less

  

0.62 (0.08 - 4.61)

0.64 (0.08 - 4.87)

Woman has more

  

1.69 (1.22 - 2.35)

1.53 (0.92 - 2.56)

Spouses' relative age

    

Woman same age

  

1

1

Woman younger

  

1.24 (0.30 - 5.18)

1.14 (0.27 - 4.82)

Woman older

  

0.70 (0.06 - 8.11)

0.69 (0.06 - 7.99)

Type of union

    

Monogamy

  

1

1

Polygamy

  

0.91 (0.64 - 1.29)

1.01 (0.70 - 1.45)

Demographic & socioeconomic characteristics

    

Women's age

    

≤ 24

   

1.30 (0.84 - 2.01)

25 - 34

   

1.27 (0.89 - 1.83)

≥ 35

   

1

Women's education

    

No education

   

1.07 (0.37 - 3.07)

Primary

   

1.31 (0.69 - 2.47)

Secondary or higher

   

1

Women's occupation

    

Professional/technical/management

   

1

Clerical/sales/services/skilled manual

   

0.86 (0.45 - 1.64)

Agricultural self-employed/agricultural employee/household & domestic/unskilled manual

   

1.04 (0.49 - 2.22)

Not working

   

0.89 (0.76 - 2.31)

Partner's education

    

No education

   

0.60 (0.23 - 1.55)

Primary

   

0.88 (0.48 - 1.60)

Secondary or higher

   

1

Partner's occupation

    

Professional/technical/management

   

1

Clerical/sales/services/skilled manual

   

2.22 (0.94 - 5.22)

Agricultural self-employed/agricultural employee/household & domestic/unskilled manual

   

1.86 (0.76 - 4.59)

Place of residence

    

Urban

   

1

Rural

   

1.39 (0.95 - 2.04)

-2 Log likelihood

5478.06

4707.96

1480.78

1446.31

  1. a Controlling behavior only; b Added other measures of control; c Included relationship inequality; d Further included demographic and socio-economic characteristics;