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Table 1 Characteristics of New Born Epigenetics STudy (NEST) Study Participants

From: Folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy in the Newborn Epigenetics STudy (NEST)

Maternal Characteristic

(n = 539)

 

Number

(%)

Maternal age at beginning of pregnancy

  

<25 years

166

(30.8)

25-34 years

261

(48.4)

35-39

91

(16.9)

40+

20

(3.7)

Missing

1

(0.2)

Maternal ethnicity

  

African American

258

(47.9)

Caucasian

246

(45.6)

Asian/Native American/Latino

26

(4.8)

Missing

9

(1.7)

Maternal marital status

  

Never married

154

(28.6)

Married

241

(44.7)

Living with partner

99

(18.4)

Divorced/separated

44

(8.2)

Missing

1

(0.2)

Maternal education

  

Less than high school

63

(11.7)

High school graduate/GED

146

(27.1)

Some college

145

(27.1)

College graduate

98

(18.2)

Graduate education

86

(16.0)

Missing

1

(0.2)

Type of health insurance

  

Public (e.g., Medicaid, SCHIP)

250

(46.4)

Private

174

(32.3)

Missing

115

(21.3)

Parity

  

One

173

(32.1)

Two

113

(21.0)

Three or more

241

(44.7)

Missing

12

(2.2)

Cigarette smoking at interview

  

Non-smokers

425

(78.9)

Smoker during pregnancy

113

(21.0)

Missing

1

(0.1)

Exposure to secondhand smoke during index pregnancy

  

Yes

158

(29.3)

No

375

(69.6)

Missing

6

(1.1)

Pre-pregnancy body size

  

<18 kg/m2

6

(1.1)

≥18 g/m2 - <25 kg/m2

164

(30.4)

≥25 kg/m2 - <30 kg/m2

96

(17.8)

≥30 kg/m2

206

(38.2)

Missing

66

(12.2)

Therapeutic interventions

  

Hormonal contraceptive us up to one year before interview

135

(25.1)

Use of assisted reproductive technology for index pregnancy

17

(3.2)

Co-morbid conditions at interview

  

None

341

(63.3)

Gestational diabetes

42

(7.8)

Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes

27

(5.0)

Asthma

88

(16.3)

*Other

39

(7.2)

**Any chronic disease

196

(36.4)

Folic acid intake before pregnancy

  

None

265

(49.2)

Up to 1,000 μg/day

209

(38.8)

More than 1,000 μg/day

64

(11.9)

Missing

1

(0.2)

Folic acid intake during pregnancy

  

None

182

(33.8)

Up to 1,000 μg/day

295

(54.7)

More than 1,000 μg/day

61

(11.3)

Missing

1

(0.2)

  1. *Other includes hypertension, depression, heart diseases, allergies, migraine headaches, epilepsy, anxiety, treated for cancer
  2. **Any chronic disease includes gestational diabetes, asthma, hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, allergies, migraine headaches, epilepsy, anxiety, treated for cancer