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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate odds ratios for the relationship of happiness with demographic characteristics, perceived stress and health behaviour

From: Happiness and health behaviours in Chilean college students: A cross-sectional survey

Variables

Variable categories

% happy

Unadjusted (univariate)

Adjusted (multivariate)

   

Odds ratio (95% CI)

p

Odds ratio (95% CI)*

p

Demographics

      

   Gender

Male (= ref)

29.80

    
 

Female

31.90

1.10 (0.96-1.28)

0.18

1.32 (1.12-1.55)

0.00

   Age

17-19 (= ref)

32.70

    
 

20-24

28.80

0.83 (0.72-0.96)

0.01

0.84 (0.72-0.98)

0.03

Nutrition

      

   Body Mass Index (BMI)

Underweight(= ref)

33.30

 

0.14

  
 

Normal weight

31.30

0.91 (0.61-1.37)

0.06

  
 

Overweight

31.40

0.91 (0.59-1.41)

0.69

  
 

Obese

17.90

0.44 (0.21-0.91)

0.03

  
 

No obese

31.40

    
 

Obese

17.90

0.48 (0.25-0.89)

0.02

  

   Daily breakfast

No always (= ref)

27.30

    
 

Always

34.10

1.38 (1.19-1.59)

0.00

  

   Daily lunch

No always (= ref)

25.70

    
 

Always

33.50

1.46 (1.25-1.70)

0.00

1.40 (1.18-1.66)

0.00

   Daily fruits and vegetables

No always (= ref)

26.20

    
 

Always

34.30

1.47 (1.27-1.70)

0.00

1.34 (1.14-1.58)

0.00

Daily physical activity

No always (= ref)

29.00

    
 

Always

34.80

1.30 (1.12-1.53)

0.00

1.33 (1.12-1.58)

0.00

Stress

      

   Ordinary circumstances

No (= ref)

36.50

    
 

Yes

27.20

0.65 (0.56-0.75)

0.00

0.73 (0.61-0.87)

0.00

   Exam/test periods

No (= ref)

36.30

    
 

Yes

27.90

0.68 (0.58-0.79)

0.00

0.82 (0.68-0.99)

0.04

Drug use

      

   Tobacco

No (= ref)

29.60

    
 

Yes

32.10

1.12 (0.97-1.30)

0.11

1.20 (1.03-1.40)

0.02

   Alcohol

No (= ref)

29.60

    
 

Yes

30.90

1.07 (0.88-1.30)

0.52

  

   Prescriptive tranquillizers

No (= ref)

31.70

    
 

Yes

22.40

0.62 (0.48-0.80)

0.00

0.62 (0.50-0.85)

0.00

   Modafinil (i.e., Mentix)

No (= ref)

30.90

    
 

Yes

30.10

0.96 (0.68-1.36)

0.83

  

   Inhalants

No (= ref)

30.80

    
 

Yes

26.10

.79 (.41-1.53)

0.49

  

   Marihuana

No (= ref)

30.20

    
 

Yes

32.50

1.12 (0.95-1.32)

0.19

  

   Cocaine

No (= ref)

30.80

    
 

Yes

30.60

0.99 (0.58-1.71)

0.98

  

   Unprescriptive tranquilizers

No (= ref)

31.10

    
 

Yes

21.90

0.62 (0.41-0.94)

0.02

  

   Unprescriptive analgesics

No (= ref)

31.10

    
 

Yes

26.50

0.80 (0.59-1.08)

0.15

  

   Unprescriptive amphetamines

No (= ref)

30.90

    
 

Yes

20.40

0.57 (0.29-1.11)

0.10

  

   Other drugs < 1% (heroine, hallucinogens, ecstasy)

No (= ref)

30.50

    
 

Yes

30.00

1.52 (0.86-2.68)

0.15

  

   Number of "illegal" drugs (range = 1-11)

0

31.10

    
 

1

30.20

0.96 (0.81-1.13)

0.22

  
 

2

31.90

1.03 (0.76-1.41)

0.30

  
 

3

24.30

0.71 (0.41-1.23)

0.23

  
  1. * Method: Forward LR (they were just entered significant variables; variables not included in the final model were the following: age, physical activity, marihuana, tranquilizers without prescription, and analgesics without prescription.