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Table 1 Mean levels of early life conditions, biomarkers of chronic disease and cognitive function by area level deprivation category

From: Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with chronic inflammation, carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross-sectional, population-based study

 

SIMD Least Deprived (n = 342)

SIMD Most Deprived (n = 324)

P a

Early life conditions

Number of siblings

2.6(1.2)b

3.6(1.8)

< 0.0001

People/room

1.2(0.5)

1.8(0.9)

< 0.0001

Parents owned home

49.4%

5.9%

< 0.0001

Parents owned car

57.6%

19.6%

< 0.0001

Reported being bullied

24.6%

28.7%

0.24

Father's occupational category d (non-manual/manual)

59.6%/40.4%

14.6%/85.4%

< 0.0001

Adult Socioeconomic status

Average household income

£41,699(11,921)

£16,461(10056)

< 0.0001

Years of education

16.1(3.6)

11.8(2.5)

< 0.0001

Current home status (owner-occupier/tenant)

97.7%/2.3%

29.9%/70.1%

< 0.0001

Body Habitus

Height (cm)

171(9)

165(9)

< 0.0001

Weight (kg)

78.7(15.3)

78.2(18.4)

0.78

BMI (kg/m2)

26.9(4.5)

28.7(6.3)

< 0.0001

Leg-length (cm)

81.9(6.0)

78.7(5.4)

< 0.0001

Trunk-length (cm)

89.3(5.1)

86.5(5.1)

< 0.0001

Inflammatory Biomarkers

CRP (mg/L)

2.10(2.73)c

3.56(3.91)

< 0.0001

IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.74(1.49)c

2.50(1.60)

< 0.0001

ICAM (ng/ml)

241.3(54.9)c

315.4(97.2)

< 0.0001

vWF (IU/dl)

129(39)

155(46)

< 0.0001

Classical Risk factors

Cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.29(1.03)

4.95(1.05)

< 0.0001

HDL Cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.43(0.38)

1.30(0.39)

< 0.0001

Current Smoker (%)

6.3%

44.6%

< 0.0001

BP systolic/diastolic (mmHg)

135/81

136/81

0.48/0.74

Insulin Resistance

HOMA-IR e

1.52(1.22)

1.81(1.60)

0.012

Carotid Atherosclerosis

Carotid IMT (mm)

0.68(0.12)

0.70(0.15)

0.014

Plaque present (% yes)

43.1%

58.3%

< 0.0001

Cognitive Function

Stroop test (s)

103.0(15.1)

93.0(19.8)

< 0.0001

Choice Reaction Time (ms)e

531(101)c

630(185)

< 0.0001

AVLT (words recalled)e

12.4(1.9)

10.9(2.4)

< 0.0001

Lung Function

FEV1 (L)e

3.2(0.8)

2.7(0.7)

< 0.0001

  1. a p-values from linear or logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex
  2. b Values given are mean with 1 Standard Deviation in parenthesis for continuous variables; c Indicates use of geometric means;
  3. d Fathers occupational category for Least Deprived was unemployed for n = 1 (0.3%) and unknown/unclassifiable for n = 19
  4. (5.6%); Father's occupational category for Most Deprived was unemployed for n = 10 (3.1%) and unknown/unclassifiable
  5. for n = 33 (10.1%); P value derived by Chi squared across the distribution;
  6. e Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR); Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT); Forced
  7. Expiratory Volume (FEV1); Choice Reaction Time (CRT), data for the thinking time element of test presented.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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