Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by sex and ethnic group

Men

(n = 183)

(n = 197)

(n = 184)

p

Demography

age (y ± sd)

47.3 (12.3)

48.3 (12.6)

51.4 (12.6)

0.003

≤ primary education

13.3%

56.6%

63.3%

<0.001

low income^a

24.9%

72.6%

82.7%

<0.001

Anthropometry

height

measured (cm ± sd)

179.6 (7.0)

168.6 (6.5)

171.6 (6.6)

<0.001

self-reported (cm ± sd)

180.5 (7.2)

170.4 (6.6)

172.6 (6.8)

<0.001

missing self-reports (n)

1.6% (3)

8.6% (17)

16.8% (31)

<0.001

weight

measured (kg ± sd)

81.0 (13.0)

78.5 (12.3)

79.0 (12.3)

0.136

self-reported (kg ± sd)

81.0 (12.3)

79.4 (12.1)

79.0 (12.1)

0.240

missing self-reports (n)

3.3% (6)

6.1% (12)

10.9% (20)

0.013

BMI

measured (kg/m²± sd)

25.1 (4.0)

27.6 (4.3)

26.8 (3.8)

<0.001

self-reported (kg/m²± sd)

24.9 (3.7)

27.3 (4.0)

26.7 (3.6)

<0.001

missing self-reports (n)

4.4% (8)

11.7% (23)

22.3% (41)

<0.001

Obesity

true (measured)

12.6%

26.4%

20.7%

0.003

estimated (self-reported)

9.1%

23.0%

16.8%

0.002

Women

(n = 258)

(n = 217)

(n = 160)

Demography

age (y ± sd)

48.2 (13.0)

43.0 (13.0)

43.5 (13.9)

<0.001

≤ primary education

19.1%

64.5%

63.9%

<0.001

income below standard^a

34.8%

76.7%

76.2%

<0.001

Anthropometry

Height

measured (cm ± sd)

166.8 (7.0)

156.9 (5.4)

159.5 (6.4)

<0.001

self-reported (cm ± sd)

167.6 (6.9)

159.7 (5.9)

163.0 (6.5)

<0.001

missing self-reports (n)

1.2% (3)

19.8% (43)

35.0% (56)

<0.001

Weight

measured (kg ± sd)

71.8 (14.4)

74.7 (14.6)

74.8 (16.1)

0.021

self-reported (kg ± sd)

71.5 (13.6)

75.0 (14.6)

74.3 (14.9)

0.010

missing self-reports (n)

6.6% (17)

9.7% (21)

19.4% (31)

<0.001

BMI

measured (kg/m²± sd)

25.8 (5.0)

30.4 (6.0)

29.5 (6.3)

<0.001

self-reported (kg/m²± sd)

25.6 (4.8)

28.9 (5.8)

28.2 (6.1)

<0.001

missing self-reports (n)

7.4% (19)

23.5% (51)

41.3% (66)

<0.001

Obesity

true (measured)

19.8%

49.8%

47.5%

<0.001

estimated (self-reported)

16.3%

37.3%

35.1%

<0.001