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Table 5 Multivariable analysis of size at birth with type of fuel and other variables

From: Association between biomass fuel use and maternal report of child size at birth - an analysis of 2005-06 India Demographic Health Survey data

Variable

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Type of fuel

Low Pollution Fuels

1

1

1

High Pollution Fuels

1.41 (1.29, 1.57) ***

1.21 (1.06, 1.32) **

1.07 (0.94, 1.22)

Gender of the baby

Male

1

1

1

Female

0.88 (0.83, 0.94) ***

0.88 (0.83, 0.94) ***

0.88 (0.83, 0.93) ***

Birth order

1

1

1

1

2

0.88 (0.82, 0.95) **

0.88 (0.81, 0.95) **

0.87 (0.81, 0.94) **

3

0.89 (0.82, 0.98) **

0.86 (0.78, 0.94) **

0.85 (0.77, 0.94) **

≥ 4

0.91 (0.83, 0.99) **

0.83 (0.75, 0.92) **

0.81 (0.74, 0.89) **

Mother's age at childbirth

≤ 24

 

1

1

25-34

 

1.08 (0.95, 1.22)

1.08 (0.95, 1.23)

35-49

 

1.15 (0.52, 2.55)

1.16 (0.52, 2.59)

Mother's Body Mass Index

≤ 18

 

1

1

18-23

 

0.92 (0.85, 0.99) ***

0.93 (0.86, 1.01)

23-28

 

0.74 (0.66, 0.84) **

0.77 (0.68, 0.87) *

28-40

 

0.77 (0.61, 0.97) **

0.79 (0.63, 1.01)

Mother's education

No education

 

1

1

Primary

 

0.96 (0.87, 1.07)

0.99 (0.89, 1.10)

Secondary

 

0.86 (0.78, 0. 94) *

0.92 (0.83, 1.02)

Higher

 

0.62 (0.51, 0.76) *

0.67 (0.54, 0.82) **

Mother smokes

No

 

1

1

Yes

 

1.25 (0.94, 1.66)

1.24 (0.93, 1.65)

Mothers haemoglobin level (adjusted for altitude) in mg/dl §

  

1

1

  

0.99 (0.99, 0.99) **

0.99 (0.99, 0.99) **

Wealth Index

Poorest to richest

  

1

   

0.93 (0.89, 0.97) **

Type of residence

Urban

  

1

Rural

  

0.97 (0.87, 1.09)

Religion

Hindu

  

1

Muslim

  

0.94 (0.83, 1.05)

Christian

  

0.81 (0.63, 1.04)

Others

  

1.38 (1.12, 1.72) *

  1. § beta coefficient = -0.00134, standard error = 0.000428* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001