Table 4 Univariate analyses of size at birth with type of fuel and other variables

Low Pollution Fuels

2016

10758

1

High Pollution Fuels

7634

26731

1.41 (1.27, 1.55)

< 0.0001

Gender of the baby

Male

4763

19741

1

Female

4887

17748

1.13 (1.07, 1.20)

< 0.0001

Birth order

1

3166

11437

1

2

2532

10581

0.89 (0.83, 0.96)

0.014

3

1527

6233

0.94 (0.85, 1.03)

0.592

≥ 4

2485

9238

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

0.390

Mother's age at child birth

≤ 24

8194

31490

1

25-34

988

4499

0.90 (0.80, 1.01)

0.711

35-49

33

126

0.94 (0.46, 1.94 )

0.980

Wealth Index

Poorest

2080

6345

1

Poorer

2023

6679

1,60 (1.42, 1.81)

<0.0001

Middle

2095

7358

1.51 (1.34, 1.70)

< 0.0001

Richer

1929

8485

1.41 (1.25, 1.58)

< 0.0001

Richest

1523

8442

1.18 (1.05, 1.32)

0.0011

Type of residence

Urban

3170

14876

1

Rural

6480

22613

1.22 (1.11, 1.34)

< 0.0001

Mother's religion

Hindu

6763

25540

1

Muslim

1606

6247

0.98 (0.88, 1.1)

0.748

Christian

770

4029

0.76 (0.63, 0.92)

0.011

Others

369

1242

1.18 (0.97, 1.42)

0.059

Mother's Body Mass Index

≤18

2724

8723

18-23

5298

20209

0.87 (0.82, 0.94)

0.0006

23-28

1055

5577

0.64 (0.57, 0.72)

0.0001

28-40

245

1363

0.63 (0.50, 0.80)

0.0170

Maternal haemoglobin level (adjusted for altitude) in mg/dl *

137.8

148.5

0.998 (0.997,0.999)

0.001

Mother's education

No education

4468

14963

1

Primary

1491

5285

0.96 (0.88, 1.07)

0.094

Secondary

3244

14133

0.83 (0.76, 0.89)

< 0.0001

Higher

447

3554

0.55 (0.46, 0.65)

< 0.0001

Maternal smoking

No

9455

36937

1

Yes

192

536

1.43 (1.11, 1.86)

0.0067