Variable | Low birth weight (n = 9650) | Normal birth weight (n = 37489) | Unadjusted Odds ratios (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type of fuel | ||||
Low Pollution Fuels | 2016 | 10758 | 1 | Â |
High Pollution Fuels | 7634 | 26731 | 1.41 (1.27, 1.55) | < 0.0001 |
Gender of the baby | ||||
Male | 4763 | 19741 | 1 | Â |
Female | 4887 | 17748 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) | < 0.0001 |
Birth order | ||||
1 | 3166 | 11437 | 1 | Â |
2 | 2532 | 10581 | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) | 0.014 |
3 | 1527 | 6233 | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.592 |
≥ 4 | 2485 | 9238 | 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.390 |
Mother's age at child birth | ||||
≤ 24 | 8194 | 31490 | 1 |  |
25-34 | 988 | 4499 | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 0.711 |
35-49 | 33 | 126 | 0.94 (0.46, 1.94 ) | 0.980 |
Wealth Index | ||||
Poorest | 2080 | 6345 | 1 | Â |
Poorer | 2023 | 6679 | 1,60 (1.42, 1.81) | <0.0001 |
Middle | 2095 | 7358 | 1.51 (1.34, 1.70) | < 0.0001 |
Richer | 1929 | 8485 | 1.41 (1.25, 1.58) | < 0.0001 |
Richest | 1523 | 8442 | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) | 0.0011 |
Type of residence | ||||
Urban | 3170 | 14876 | 1 | Â |
Rural | 6480 | 22613 | 1.22 (1.11, 1.34) | < 0.0001 |
Mother's religion | ||||
Hindu | 6763 | 25540 | 1 | Â |
Muslim | 1606 | 6247 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.1) | 0.748 |
Christian | 770 | 4029 | 0.76 (0.63, 0.92) | 0.011 |
Others | 369 | 1242 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.42) | 0.059 |
Mother's Body Mass Index | ||||
≤18 | 2724 | 8723 |  |  |
18-23 | 5298 | 20209 | 0.87 (0.82, 0.94) | 0.0006 |
23-28 | 1055 | 5577 | 0.64 (0.57, 0.72) | 0.0001 |
28-40 | 245 | 1363 | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80) | 0.0170 |
Maternal haemoglobin level (adjusted for altitude) in mg/dl * | ||||
 | 137.8 | 148.5 | 0.998 (0.997,0.999) | 0.001 |
Mother's education | ||||
No education | 4468 | 14963 | 1 | Â |
Primary | 1491 | 5285 | 0.96 (0.88, 1.07) | 0.094 |
Secondary | 3244 | 14133 | 0.83 (0.76, 0.89) | < 0.0001 |
Higher | 447 | 3554 | 0.55 (0.46, 0.65) | < 0.0001 |
Maternal smoking | ||||
No | 9455 | 36937 | 1 | Â |
Yes | 192 | 536 | 1.43 (1.11, 1.86) | 0.0067 |