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Table 3 Multivariate analysis of associations between alcohol measures and condom use, sexual violence and sexually-transmitted infections in male sex workers

From: Use of AUDIT, and measures of drinking frequency and patterns to detect associations between alcohol and sexual behaviour in male sex workers in Kenya

Variable

Risk factor

n (%)

Crude odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

P

Inconsistent condom use with clients

Alcohol abstainers (comparison group)*

58 (43.0)

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Audit assessment

     
 

   Audit score 1-7 (low-risk drinkers)

45 (50.6)

1.36 (0.79-2.33)

 

1.33 (0.77-2.28)

 
 

   Audit score 8-15 (hazardous drinkers)

48 (45.3)

1.10 (0.66-1.84)

 

1.06 (0.63-1.78)

 
 

   Audit score 16-19 (harmful drinkers)

25 (53.2)

1.50 (0.77-2.95)

 

1.37 (0.70-2.70)

 
 

   Audit score 20-40 (alcohol dependence)

44 (67.7)

2.78 (1.47-5.28)

0.004

2.46 (1.31-4.64)

0.017^

 

Frequency of alcohol use

     
 

   4 or less times per month

67 (44.1)

1.05 (0.66-1.67)

 

1.06 (0.65-1.72)

 
 

   2 or more times per week

95 (61.3)

2.10 (1.30-3.39)

0.002

1.83 (1.12-2.98)

0.013 %

 

Pattern of alcohol use

     
 

   Non-binge drinkers

65 (48.2)

1.23 (0.76-1.99)

 

1.19 (0.73-1.93)

 
 

   Binge drinkers

97 (56.4)

1.72 (1.08-2.72)

0.018

1.58 (0.99-2.51)

0.051^

Sexual violence

(rape or sexual assault)

Alcohol abstainers (comparison group)*

13 (9.6)

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Audit assessment

     
 

   Audit score 1-7 (low-risk drinkers)

7 (7.9)

0.80 (0.31-2.10)

 

0.74 (0.28-1.96)

 
 

   Audit score 8-15 (hazardous drinkers)

11 (10.5)

1.10 (0.47-2.57)

 

0.73 (0.30-1.79)

 
 

   Audit score 16-19 (harmful drinkers)

6 (12.8)

1.37 (0.49-3.86)

 

0.98 (0.33-2.85)

0.13#

 

   Audit score 20-40 (alcohol dependence)

15 (23.1)

2.82 (1.23-6.44)

0.010

2.04 (0.86-4.87)

 
 

Frequency of alcohol use

     
 

   4 or less times per month

18 (11.9)

1.27 (0.60-2.71)

 

1.02 (0.47-2.23)

 
 

   2 or more times per week

21 (13.6)

1.47 (0.70-3.07)

0.30

0.99 (0.46-2.15)

0.98#

 

Pattern of alcohol use

     
 

   Non-binge drinkers

13 (9.6)

1.00 (0.44-2.25)

 

0.85 (0.37-1.93)

 
 

   Binge drinkers

26 (15.2)

1.68 (0.83-3.43)

0.12

1.14 (0.54-2.41)

0.67#

Self-reported STI

(anal or penile discharge)

Alcohol abstainers (comparison group)*

29 (21.5)

1.0

 

1.0

 
 

Audit assessment

     
 

   Audit score 1-7 (low-risk drinkers)

16 (18.0)

0.80 (0.41-1.58)

 

0.74 (0.37-1.48)

 
 

   Audit score 8-15 (hazardous drinkers)

20 (18.9)

0.85 (0.45-1.61)

 

0.90 (0.48-1.72)

 
 

   Audit score 16-19 (harmful drinkers)

15 (31.9)

1.71 (0.81-3.61)

 

1.67 (0.80-3.52)

0.019 |

 

   Audit score 20-40 (alcohol dependence)

23 (35.4)

2.00 (1.03-3.88)

0.018

1.94 (1.01-3.75)

 
 

Frequency of alcohol use

     
 

   4 or less times per month

40 (26.3)

1.31 (0.75-2.26)

 

1.26 (0.72-2.18)

 
 

   2 or more times per week

34 (21.9)

1.03 (0.59-1.80)

0.96

1.05 (0.60-1.84)

0.90|

 

Pattern of alcohol use

     
 

   Non-binge drinkers

29 (21.5)

1.00 (0.56-1.79)

 

0.98 (0.55-1.77)

 
 

   Binge drinkers

45 (26.2)

1.30 (0.76-2.21)

0.32

1.29 (0.75-2.20)

0.33|

  1. *Alcohol abstainers are the baseline group for all models. ^ adjusted for age & rohypnol use;% adjusted for age, no. of clients & rohypnol use; # adjusted for age, duration of sex work & rohypnol use; | adjusted for age. Age was included as a continuous variable in multivariable analysis