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1. Informal payments are widespread in outpatient and inpatient services.
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+
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-
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+
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2. More patients (52.8%) pay informal payments in inpatient care than in outpatient care (23.3%).
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-
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+
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+/-
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3. The amounts paid in inpatient are larger than in outpatient care (fee-for-service)
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-
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+
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-
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4. Almost 61.7 of the payments in outpatient and 68.6% in inpatient care are expected or requested.
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-
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-
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+
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5. Positive but not statistically significant association of per capita income with probability and amounts of informal payments.
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-
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+/-
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+/-
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6. The elderly are less likely to make informal payments (especially in outpatient).
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-
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+
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+/-
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7. Rural areas patients seeking care in Tirana are more likely to pay and to have been explicitly requested an informal payment.
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-
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+/-
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+
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8. Vulnerable patients (higher ages and poor health rated) are more likely to pay in inpatient care but not in outpatient care.
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-
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-
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+
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9. Higher amount paid in hospitals located in Tirana.
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-
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+
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-
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10. Rural patients visiting Tirana's hospitals are more likely to be requested to make informal payments.
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+/-
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+
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11. Higher educated patients pay more in inpatient care where the role of health insurance is weak and services are more intense.
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-
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+
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+/-
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12. Primary education patients are requested to pay in inpatient services.
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-
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-
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+
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