Table 2 Descriptive statistics
| Â | The incidence of paying informally | The amount paid informally | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Outpatients services | Inpatients services | Outpatients services | Inpatients services | ||||
Amount paid informally (in Lek) * | - | - | - | - | 658.042 | (2473.042) | 1298.988 | (2499.494) |
Household size | 4.594 | (1.994) | 5.028 | (1.935) | 4.731 | (2.100) | 5.249 | (2.060) |
Age of the individual | 46.679 | (24.573) | 40.699 | (22.818) | 42.882 | (25.413) | 39.040 | (23.211) |
Gender (Female = 1) | 0.583 | (0.493) | 0.577 | (0.494) | 0.617 | (0.487) | 0.599 | (0.491) |
Urban/Rural (Rural = 1) | 0.450 | (0.498) | 0.557 | (0.497) | 0.519 | (0.500) | 0.590 | (0.492) |
Income/capita | 9160.373 | (7277.878) | 8016.400 | (6121.248) | 8644.299 | (6552.127) | 7900.646 | (6211.548) |
Health Insurance (Without health insurance = 1) | 0.625 | (0.484) | 0.486 | (0.500) | 0.540 | (0.499) | 0.404 | (0.491) |
Health rate (1 'v. poor' - 5 'v. good') | 2.932 | (0.983) | 3.151 | (1.149) | 2.993 | (0.979) | 3.189 | (1.152) |
Chronic illness (Chronic illness = 1) | 0.663 | (0.473) | 0.472 | (0.500) | 0.608 | (0.489) | 0.421 | (0.494) |
Without education (Without education = 1) | 0.011 | (0.105) | 0.004 | (0.067) | 0.013 | (0.114) | 0.003 | (0.053) |
Education 8-years (Education 8-years = 1) | 0.523 | (0.500) | 0.581 | (0.494) | 0.554 | (0.498) | 0.588 | (0.493) |
Secondary education (Secondary education = 1) | 0.200 | (0.400) | 0.204 | (0.403) | 0.175 | (0.380) | 0.186 | (0.390) |
University education (University education = 1) | 0.055 | (0.227) | 0.045 | (0.207) | 0.015 | (0.123) | 0.045 | (0.208) |
Hospitals in Tirana (Visiting in Tirana hospital = 1) | - | - | 0.323 | (0.468) | - | - | 0.302 | (0.460) |
Hospital in the same district (Visiting in the same hospital district = 1) | - | - | 0.528 | (0.500) | - | - | 0.599 | (0.491) |
Hospital in different district (Visiting in the different hospital = 1) | - | - | 0.124 | (0.329) | - | - | 0.096 | (0.295) |
Hospital in foreign country (Visiting in foreign country hospital = 1) | - | - | 0.025 | (0.157) | - | - | 0.003 | (0.053) |
Rural/Urban * Hospital in Tirana district (Rural patient visit in Tirana hospital = 1) | - | - | 0.128 | (0.335) | - | - | 0.124 | (0.330) |
Nr of times visit outpatients care/Days stayed in Hospital | 1.393 | (0.933) | 16.171 | (20.154) | 1.418 | (0.966) | 15.477 | (17.744) |
The incidence of paying informally (Paying informally = 1) | 0.233 | (0.423) | 0.528 | (0.500) | - | - | - | - |
The incidence of voluntary/requested payments (Requested payments = 1) | - | - | - | - | 0.617 | (0.487) | 0.686 | (0.465) |
Number of Observations | 1963 | 671 | 457 | 354 | ||||