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Table 4 Recognition of attitudes and behaviors as violence, including dating violence (n = 274)

From: Knowledge, experience, and potential risks of dating violence among Japanese university students: a cross-sectional study

 

Sex

Faculty

Experience of lecture about DV or dating DV

 

Male

(n= 126)

Female

(n= 148)

P

Non-medical health

(n= 153)

Medical health

(n= 121)

P

No

(n= 110)

Yes

(n= 164)

P

 

n

%

n

%

 

n

%

n

%

 

n

%

n

%

 

I think that date DV is a problem only for older people.

123

97.6

147

99.3

 

150

98.0

120

99.2

 

108

98.2

162

98.8

 

I think that beating or kicking boy/girlfriend is violence. (#)

104

82.5

130

87.8

 

121

79.1

113

93.4

**

91

82.7

143

87.2

 

I think calling my boy/girlfriend "ugly" or "a fool" is violence. (#)

63

50.0

70

47.3

 

67

43.8

66

54.5

 

42

38.2

91

55.5

**

If I control my boy/girlfriend's activities and his/her human relationships, it is violence. (#)

39

31.0

66

44.6

*

48

31.4

57

47.1

**

31

28.2

74

45.1

**

If my boy/girlfriend does not collaborate in prevention of unwanted pregnancy, it is violence. (#)

70

55.6

121

81.8

***

90

58.8

101

83.5

***

60

54.5

131

79.9

***

I think having a sexual relationship without protection against sexually transmitted infections is violence. (#)

65

51.6

115

77.7

***

79

51.6

101

83.5

***

59

53.6

121

73.8

**

I think free taking of money from my boy/girlfriend's wallet or pressing for money is violence. (#)

72

57.1

106

71.6

*

82

53.6

96

79.3

***

59

53.6

119

72.6

**

I think harassment is a bad behavior. (#)

98

77.8

131

88.5

*

116

75.8

113

93.4

***

85

77.3

144

87.8

*

I think a recipient of violence also bears some responsibility. (#)

27

21.4

29

19.6

 

28

18.3

28

23.1

 

18

16.4

38

23.2

 

I think violence occurs due to drinking alcohol and/or becoming irritated.

95

75.4

104

70.3

 

116

75.8

83

68.6

 

84

76.4

115

70.1

 

I think people subject their boy/girlfriend to harassment/violence because they do not love him/her.

113

89.7

141

95.3

 

140

91.5

114

94.2

 

102

92.7

152

92.7

 

I think it is possible to avoid unwanted sexual relations if one really does not want to engage in sex.

90

71.4

114

77.0

 

110

71.9

94

77.7

 

82

74.5

122

74.4

 

Although there may be violence between a couple, it is not recognized as violence if they are a committed couple.

115

91.3

140

94.6

 

140

91.5

115

95.0

 

110

91.8

154

96.9

 

I will terminate a relationship with my boy/girlfriend if he/she is violent. (#)

19

15.1

62

41.9

***

31

20.3

50

41.3

***

31

28.2

50

30.5

 

If a couple with violence does not terminate their relationship, the violence is not serious.

115

91.3

141

95.3

 

140

91.5

116

95.9

 

101

91.8

155

94.5

 

I think it is possible to avoid violence depending on my behavior.

108

85.7

131

88.5

 

135

88.2

104

86.0

 

97

88.2

142

86.6

 

I think my boy/girlfriend should be forgiven if he/she apologizes after being violent.

110

87.3

137

92.6

 

134

87.6

113

93.4

 

110

90.9

147

89.6

 

My boy/girlfriend does not like when I talk or go out with others, because he/she loves me.

99

78.6

106

71.6

 

127

83.0

78

64.5

***

88

80.0

117

71.3

 

If a relationship is on intimate terms, I should comply with requests for sexual relations.

113

89.7

144

97.3

*

139

90.8

118

97.5

*

104

94.5

153

93.3

 

The risk of pregnancy is low if I have a sexual relationship without protection, and it is therefore not necessary to use contraception.

122

96.8

145

98.0

 

148

96.7

119

98.3

 

106

96.4

161

98.2

*

If my boy/girlfriend loves me, I should comply with their requests for sexual intercourse even if I do not want to engage in sex.

121

96.0

143

96.6

 

146

95.4

118

97.5

 

107

97.3

157

95.7

 
  1. Numbers and percentages indicate the study participants who responded "no" to each question without (#) and "yes" to each question with (#) regarding recognition of attitude and behavior as harassment, abuse, or violence.
  2. Fisher's exact test was performed. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001.