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Table 2 BMI z-scores, height and weight at baseline (age of 2) and change during the study (until the age of 5-7) of 2190 children divided in four groups based on BMI status.

From: Quantification of the energy gap in young overweight children. The PIAMA birth cohort study

 

BMI status at 2 and 5-7 years of age*

 
 

Normal/Normal

(n = 1868)

Normal/Overweight

(n = 160)

Overweight/Overweight

(n = 59)

Overweight/Normal

(n = 103)

P value***

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 

Age of 2:

         

BMI z-score

-0.25bcd

-0.91

0.43acd

0.79

2.00ab

0.50

1.85ab

0.43

<0.0001

Height (cm)

93.6d

5.2

94.0d

5.0

93.5d

6.0

91.2abc

5.0

<0.0001

Weight (kg)

13.9bcd

1.7

14.7acd

1.7

16.6abd

2.2

15.6abc

1.6

<0.0001

Change:

         

BMI z-score

-0.19bd

0.95

1.12acd

0.92

-0.34bd

0.67

-1.50abc

0.55

<0.0001

Height (cm)

28.8cd

5.8

28.9cd

7.9

30.7ab

7.3

31.5ab

6.0

<0.0001

Weight (kg)**

8.5bc

7.0;10.3

13.4ad

10.5;16.0

13.1ad

10.5;15.2

8.7bc

7.5;10.0

<0.0001

  1. BMI, body mass index. SD, standard deviation
  2. a Significantly different (p < 0.05) from group Normal/Normal.
  3. b Significantly different from group (p < 0.05) Normal/Overweight.
  4. c Significantly different from group (p < 0.05) Overweight/Overweight.
  5. d Significantly different from group (p < 0.05) Overweight/Normal.
  6. *Classification is based on age and sex specific international BMI cut off points for children[10].
  7. ** Skewed distribution, median and 25th and 75th percentile presented.
  8. ***ANOVA for normally distributed variables, Kruskal Wallis for variables with a skewed distribution.