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Table 6 Estimation of the age-adjusted mortality risk for the selected specific cause associated with blood heavy metals levels for women and men separately using simple, multiple linear and ridge regression in the nine villages evaluated in this study

From: Cancer mortality in a Chinese population surrounding a multi-metal sulphide mine in Guangdong province: an ecologic study

 

Womena

Mena

 

All cancer

Esophageal cancer

Stomach cancer

Lung cancer

All cancers

Esophageal cancer

Stomach cancer

Lung cancer

 

Bb

P

Bb

P

Bb

P

Bb

P

Bb

P

Bb

P

Bb

P

Bb

P

Cd

0.365

0.001c

0.204

0.286

0.549

0.037c

0.324

0.067

0.276

0.062

0.472

0.071

0.558

0.070

0.163

0.493

Pb

0.374

0.026c

0.175

0.476

0.684

0.020c

0.275

0.272

0.221

0.101

0.411

0.624

0.424

0.151

0.194

0.350

Zn

-0.034

0.977

1.361

0.323

0.943

0.691

0.444

0.759

-0.366

0.718

0.235

0.893

-0.280

0.898

-0.312

0.831

 

Women d

 

All cancers

Stomach cancer

 

B c

P

 

Tolerance e

 

VIF f

RRC j

 

B c

P

 

Tolerance e

 

VIF f

RRC h

 

Cd

0.491

0.024c

 

0.197

 

5.073

0.469722

 

0.221

0.491

 

0.245

 

4.075

0.454158

 

Pb

-0.175

0.424

 

0.197

 

5.073

0.205384

 

0.453

0.291

 

0.245

 

4.075

0.342160

 
  1. a using simple linear regression.
  2. b Estimate of the regression coefficient of log-transformed for blood cadmium, lead and zinc levels by using simple linear regression.
  3. c P < 0.05.
  4. d Estimate of the regression coefficient of the relationships between log-transformed for blood cadmium and lead levels and log-transformed for age-adjusted mortality rates from all-cancer and stomach cancer using multiple linear regression and estimate of the regression coefficient of the relationships between log-transformed for blood cadmium, lead and zinc levels and the original age-adjusted mortality rates from all-cancer and stomach cancer using ridge regression.
  5. e A tolerance <0.10 indicates that collinearity must be considered.
  6. f Variance inflation factor; If >10, collinearity must be considered.
  7. j Ridge regression coefficients; a Ridge k of 0.50 and RSQ of 0.69853 were calculated using ridge regression.
  8. h Ridge regression coefficients; a Ridge k of 0.10 and RSQ of 0.66647 were calculated using ridge regression.