Table 2 Blood Levels of Cadmium, Lead, Copper and Zinc by Participant Characteristics

The high-exposure area (H) (I-III)

38.91 (0.39) ^a

0.82 (1.49)

8.38 (1.96) ^a

   Shangba (I)

67.36 (0.24)

0.84 (1.42)

11.23 (1.75)

   Xiaozhen(II)

10.35 (0.40)

0.73 (1.26)

5.52 (1.45)

   Dongfang (III)

62.55 (0.28)

0.86 (1.71)

8.94 (2.09)

The low-exposure area (L) (IV-IX)

4.46 (0.18) ^a

0.81 (1.24)

7.96 (1.32) ^a

   Zhongxin (IV)

5.81 (0.17)

0.86 (1.27)

8.47 (1.34)

   Shaping (V)

4.70 (0.18)

0.81 (1.16)

7.80 (1.30)

   Shuikou (VI)

3.79 (0.15)

0.85 (1.29)

8.34 (1.19)

   Fengshan (VII)

4.34 (0.18)

0.79 (1.14)

8.17 (1.24)

   Mashan (VIII)

2.97 (0.19)

0.72 (1.19)

7.51 (1.27)

   Madun (IX)

4.47 (0.15)

0.76 (1.25)

7.01 (1.45)

Age, yrs

   18-39

H

39.98 (0.42)

0.78 (1.34)

8.10 (1.95)

L

4.37 (0.17)

0.83 (1.38)

7.93 (1.27)

   40-59

H

36.96 (0.40)

0.82 (1.57)

8.16 (1.93)

L

4.41 (0.18)

0.81 (1.21)

7.98 (1.33)

   60-74

H

44.08 (0.40)

0.85 (1.36)

9.80 (2.13)

L

4.55 (0.17)

0.79 (1.22)

7.99 (1.33)

   ≥75

H

41.12 (0.24)

0.81 (1.50)

7.56 (1.64)

L

4.73 (0.20)

0.82 (1.25)

7.79 (1.29)

Smoking

   Never

H

37.72 (0.40)

0.80 (1.40)

8.15 (1.92)

L

4.15 (0.18)

0.82 (1.22)

7.89 (1.28)

   Former

H

45.92 (0.29)

0.87(1.36)

10.19 (1.97)

L

4.50 (0.19)

0.86 (1.32)

7.22 (1.58)

   Current

H

42.56 (0.40)

0.85 (1.88)

9.00 (2.11)

L

5.31 (0.17)

0.77 (1.24)

8.34 (1.33)

Alcohol

   Never

H

39.71 (0.39)

0.82 (1.52)

8.27 (1.99)

L

4.24 (0.18)

0.82 (1.24)

7.95 (1.29)

   Former

H

45.44 (0.28)

0.84 (1.33)

8.36(1.70)

L

4.24 (0.15)

0.86 (1.32)

7.16 (1.56)

   Current

H

35.50 (0.43)

0.81 (1.47)

8.67 (1.97)

L

4.86 (0.17)

0.78 (1.20)

8.15 (1.30)