From: Male commuters in north and south England: risk factors for the presence of faecal bacteria on hands
Factor | Number contaminated (% contaminated) | OR | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Location | ||||
London | 4 (5) | 1 (ref) | - | |
Birmingham | 4 (5.3) | 1.1 | 0.3 - 4.4 | |
Liverpool | 7 (10.1) | 2.1 | 0.6 - 7.7 | |
Newcastle | 16 (19.3) | 4.5 | 1.4 - 14.2 | |
Occupation | ||||
professional | 7 (6.3) | 1(ref) | - | |
manual | 12 (9.2) | 1.5 | 0.6 - 3.9 | |
student | 12 (27.9) | 5.8 | 2.1 - 15.9 | |
none | 0 (0) | - | - | |
Age | ||||
16-25 | 17 (21.3) | 1 (ref) | - | |
26-35 | 9 (10.3) | 0.4 | 0.2 - 1.0 | |
36-45 | 2 (3.3) | 0.1 | 0 - 0.5 | |
46 + | 3 (4) | 0.2 | 0 - 0.6 | |
Hygiene score | ||||
0-4 | 11(21.6) | 1 (ref) | - | |
5-7 | 14 (12.5) | 0.5 | 0.2 - 1.2 | |
8-10 | 5 (4.8) | 0.2 | 0.1 - 0.6 | |
11+ | 1 (2.5) | 0.1 | 0.0 - 0.8 | |
Number of hand shakes on day of recruitment | ||||
0 | 16 (9.6) | 1 (ref) | - | |
1-3 | 7 (6.4) | 0.6 | 0.3 - 1.6 | |
4-6 | 3 (15.8) | 1.9 | 0.6 - 6.2 | |
7 + | 4 (50) | 9.4 | 2.2 - 41.4 | |
Soil contact | ||||
No | 24 (8.5) | 1 (ref) | - | |
Yes | 7 (25) | 3.6 | 1.4 - 9.2 | |
Contact with children | ||||
No | 27(10) | 1 (ref) | ||
Yes | 4 (9) | 0.8 | 0.3 - 2.4 | |
Pet ownership | ||||
No | 2 (10) | 1 (ref) | - | |
Yes | 4 (10.5) | 1.1 | 0.4 - 2.7 |