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Table 3 Regression coefficients and associated standard errors (S.E.) for a selection of socio-demographic factors individually added to the mixed-effects models relating time in New Zealand to standardised NZAccult and PIAccult scores presented in Table 2

From: Acculturation of Pacific mothers in New Zealand over time: findings from the Pacific Islands Families study

 

Standardised NZAc cult score

Standardised PIAcc ult score

 

Immigrated to New Zealand

Lived entirely within New Zealand

Immigrated to New Zealand

Lived entirely within New Zealand

 

Est.

(S.E.)

P-value

Est.

(S.E.)

P-value

Est.

(S.E.)

P-value

Est.

(S.E.)

P-value

Ethnicity

  

<0.001

  

0.12

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

   Samoan

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

   Tongan

-0.033

(0.010)

 

-0.005

(0.021)

 

-0.050

(0.007)

 

-0.038

(0.027)

 

   Cook Island Maori

0.039

(0.013)

 

-0.027

(0.012)

 

-0.132

(0.010)

 

-0.129

(0.016)

 

   Other Pacific

0.076

(0.019)

 

0.004

(0.016)

 

-0.107

(0.014)

 

-0.129

(0.022)

 

Marital status

  

0.69

  

0.46

  

0.19

  

0.07

   Married/de facto

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

   Single

-0.004

(0.010)

 

-0.008

(0.011)

 

-0.011

(0.008)

 

-0.022

(0.012)

 

Highest educational qualifications

 

<0.001

  

0.001

  

0.004

  

0.31

   No formal qual.

-0.123

(0.009)

 

-0.045

(0.012)

 

0.026

(0.008)

 

-0.024

(0.016)

 

   Secondary

-0.059

(0.010)

 

-0.009

(0.011)

 

0.012

(0.008)

 

-0.006

(0.014)

 

   Post-secondary

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

Smoking status

  

0.07

  

0.74

  

0.008

  

0.06

   Non-smoker

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

   Smoker

0.018

(0.010)

 

-0.003

(0.010)

 

-0.021

(0.008)

 

-0.022

(0.012)

 

Employment status

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  

0.28

  

0.80

   Full-time employed

0.078

(0.009)

 

0.053

(0.011)

 

0.009

(0.007)

 

0.006

(0.011)

 

   Part-time employed

0.054

(0.013)

 

0.044

(0.016)

 

-0.009

(0.011)

 

-0.005

(0.016)

 

   Not employed

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

Number of usual household residents

 

<0.001

  

0.21

  

0.003

  

0.02

   2-4

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

   5-7

-0.018

(0.010)

 

-0.015

(0.011)

 

0.027

(0.008)

 

0.031

(0.012)

 

   ≥8

-0.047

(0.011)

 

-0.022

(0.013)

 

0.023

(0.009)

 

0.033

(0.014)

 

Household income (NZD) at baseline

 

0.02

  

0.63

  

0.009

  

0.25

   ≤$20 000

-0.049

(0.015)

 

0.011

(0.018)

 

0.009

(0.012)

 

-0.009

(0.026)

 

   $20 001-$40 000

-0.034

(0.014)

 

0.016

(0.017)

 

0.021

(0.011)

 

0.000

(0.025)

 

   >$40 000

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

(reference)

 

   Unknown

-0.026

(0.028)

 

0.037

(0.030)

 

-0.037

(0.022)

 

-0.079

(0.044)

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