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Table 2 Multinomial logistic regression analysis of minor/major and major PPDS

From: Prevalence and characteristics of Postpartum Depression symptomatology among Canadian women: a cross-sectional study

 

PPDS (minor/major)

PPDS (major)

 

OR

95% CI†

OR

95% CI†

Socioeconomic Factors

Maternal education level

Less than High School

1.16

0.71-1.90

1.40

0.85-2.32

High School Graduate

1.20

0.84-1.72

1.24

0.82-1.87

Some Post-Secondary

1.54

0.99-2.38

0.98

0.59-1.61

Post-Secondary Diploma

1.14

0.88-1.48

0.98

0.73-1.32

University Graduate

1

 

1

 

Total household income

Low

1.16

0.56-2.39

1.91

0.95-3.83

Low-Middle

2.11

1.39-3.20

1.79

1.14-2.82

Middle

1.60

1.16-2.21

1.47

1.02-2.12

Middle-Upper

1.39

1.05-1.85

1.38

1.00-1.91

High

1

 

1

 

Occupation during pregnancy

No

1.09

0.86-1.38

1.32

1.01-1.71

Yes

1

 

1

 

Demographic Factors

Region of residence

Atlantic

1.39

0.64-3.03

1.05

0.40-2.75

Quebec

1.33

0.62-2.87

1.28

0.51-3.21

Ontario

1.37

0.62-3.01

0.98

0.39-2.46

Prairies

1.08

0.49-2.34

0.96

0.38-2.40

British Columbia

1.25

0.56-2.80

0.86

0.33-2.27

Territories

1

 

1

 

Immigration status

Yes

1.84

1.41-2.40

2.35

1.77-3.13

No

1

 

1

 

Age of infant (months)

9-14

0.39

0.19-0.81

0.52

0.22-1.26

6-8

1.10

0.80-1.51

0.78

0.54-1.12

5

1

 

1

 

Maternal Characteristics

Parity

Multiparous

0.91

0.72-1.14

1.06

0.83-1.37

Primiparous

1

 

1

 

Living with a husband/partner

No

1.01

0.67-1.53

1.09

0.72-1.65

Yes

1

 

1

 

Maternal age

15-19

1.17

0.58-2.35

2.03

1.09-3.78

20-24

0.86

0.61-1.22

1.09

0.75-1.58

25-34

1

 

1

 

35-39

1.13

0.85-1.50

1.10

0.79-1.51

40+

0.83

0.45-1.54

0.94

0.51-1.73

Pregnancy weight gain guidelines

Inadequate

1.05

0.76-1.45

1.11

0.79-1.57

Recommended

1

 

1

 

Excessive

1.22

0.93-1.62

1.17

0.85-1.61

Previous diagnosis of depression/prescription antidepressants

Yes

1.70

1.32-2.19

2.50

1.91-3.28

No

1

 

1

 

Smoking status during 3rd trimester

Smoked

0.78

0.66-0.91

0.90

0.76-1.07

Did not smoke

1

 

1

 

Mother's stress level during pregnancy

Very stressed

3.59

2.58-5.00

6.98

4.99-9.77

Somewhat stressed

2.39

1.86-3.09

2.28

1.71-3.05

Not at all

1

 

1

 

Breastfeeding initiation

No

0.99

0.71-1.38

0.70

0.46-1.07

Yes

1

 

1

 

Other variables

Availability of support after pregnancy

None of the time

2.26

0.89-5.71

3.75

1.69-8.35

Some of the time

2.93

2.29-3.77

4.12

3.19-5.31

Most of the time

1

 

1

 

Planned pregnancy

No

0.89

0.59-1.34

0.99

0.66-1.49

Yes

1

 

1

 

Baby in NICU

Yes

1.14

0.84-1.55

0.99

0.72-1.38

No

1

 

1

 
  1. † 95% CI were calculated using bootstrapping technique
  2. ORs in bold are significant at an alpha of 0.05
  3. The multinomial regression model included all independent variables listed in the table.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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