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Table 1 Descriptive data & unadjusted analysis of potential predictors and minor/major and major PPDS

From: Prevalence and characteristics of Postpartum Depression symptomatology among Canadian women: a cross-sectional study

 

Total

PPDS (minor/major)

PPDS (major)

 

N*

%

OR

95% CI†

OR

95% CI†

Socioeconomic Factors

Maternal education level

Less than high school

5787

7.65

1.79

1.27-2.53

2.54

1.84-3.49

High school grad

10049

13.29

1.49

1.11-2.01

1.71

1.27-2.29

Some Post-Secondary

4609

6.09

1.74

1.19-2.59

1.44

0.98-2.12

Post-Secondary Diploma

28304

37.43

1.30

1.03-1.63

1.08

0.84-1.38

University

26872

35.54

1

 

1

 

Total household income

Low

2250

3.13

1.78

1.03-3.09

4.49

2.89-6.97

Low-Middle

5764

8.02

2.85

2.05-3.97

3.48

2.51-4.82

Middle

15179

21.11

1.84

1.40-2.41

2.04

1.52-2.72

Middle-Upper

24643

34.27

1.44

1.11-1.86

1.40

1.05-1.86

High

24078

33.48

1

 

1

 

Occupation during pregnancy

No

23554

30.92

1.38

1.13-1.68

2.10

1.72-2.56

Yes

52612

69.08

1

 

1

 

Demographic Factors

Region of residence

Atlantic

4521

5.91

0.53

0.39-.071

0.34

0.25-0.47

Quebec

18333

23.96

0.46

0.34-0.63

0.48

0.37-0.64

Ontario

29688

38.80

0.58

0.44-0.77

0.48

0.37-0.63

Prairies

14569

19.04

0.40

0.30-0.55

0.46

0.34-0.61

British Columbia

8997

11.76

0.52

0.36-0.75

0.41

0.28-0.59

Territories

398

0.52

1

 

1

 

Immigration status

Yes

16763

22.03

1.87

1.51-2.32

2.71

2.20-3.32

No

59337

77.97

1

 

1

 

Age of infant (months)

9-14

1709

2.24

0.39

0.23-0.65

0.43

0.25-0.74

6-8

65102

85.27

1.04

0.79-1.39

0.72

0.53-0.99

5

9534

12.49

1

 

1

 

Maternal Characteristics

Parity

Multiparous

41556

54.53

1.10

0.91-1.32

1.29

1.07-1.56

Primiparous

34647

45.47

1

 

1

 

Living with a husband/partner

No

6374

8.36

1.55

1.16-2.09

1.90

1.46-2.49

Yes

69832

91.64

1

 

1

 

Maternal age

15-19

1503

1.96

1.71

1.05-2.78

2.71

1.80-4.08

20-24

8923

11.66

1.13

0.85-1.51

1.38

1.06-1.81

25-34

12927

16.90

1

 

1

 

35-39

2963

3.87

1.32

1.04-1.68

1.33

1.05-1.69

40+

50192

66.37

1.01

0.58-1.77

1.41

0.87-2.27

Pregnancy weight gain guidelines

Inadequate

24260

32.29

0.88

0.65-1.19

0.82

0.62-1.08

Recommended

13947

18.56

1

 

1

 

Excessive

36936

49.15

1.14

0.88-1.48

0.91

0.70-1.18

Previous diagnosis of depression/prescription antidepressants

Yes

11784

15.46

2.05

1.64-2.54

2.47

1.99-3.06

No

64456

84.54

1

 

1

 

Smoking status during 3rd trimester

Smoked

8016

10.50

1.79

1.39-2.32

1.57

1.22-2.04

Did not smoke

68319

89.50

1

 

1

 

Mother's stress level during pregnancy

Very stressed

9488

12.45

3.91

2.92-5.23

7.13

5.47-9.28

Somewhat stressed

33968

44.58

2.64

2.08-3.34

2.20

1.75-2.78

Not at all

32742

42.97

1

 

1

 

Breastfeeding initiation

No

7394

9.67

1.10

0.84-1.44

1.20

0.61-1.14

Yes

69086

90.33

1

 

1

 

Other variables

Availability of support after pregnancy

None of the time

1095

1.44

4.27

2.22-8.20

7.11

4.08-12.41

Some of the time

11126

14.58

3.57

2.86-4.44

5.75

4.69-7.06

Most of the time

64076

83.98

1

 

1

 

Planned pregnancy

No

5378

7.08

1.32

0.93-1.88

1.93

1.43-2.61

Yes

70571

92.92

1

 

1

 

Baby in NICU

Yes

9733

12.74

1.30

1.01-1.68

1.10

0.84-1.44

No

66681

87.26

1

 

1

 
  1. * Sample size is estimated using population weights
  2. ORs in bold are significant at an alpha of 0.05
  3. † 95% CI were calculated using bootstrapping technique