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Table 3 Mother's region of birth and perinatal outcomes: crude odds ratios (ORs) and robust 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) from logistic regression models. Lazio, 1996-1998 and 2006-2008

From: Perinatal outcomes among immigrant mothers over two periods in a region of central Italy

Outcome

Model 1a: '96-'98

Model 1b: '06-'08

Model 2: '06-'08 vs. '96-'98

 

ORs

95%CIs

ORs

95%CIs

ORs

95%CIs

Gestational Age

      

<31 vs.≥37

      

Italy

1.00

 

1.00

 

0.88

(0.80-0.97)

Eastern Europe

1.65

(1.21-2.25)

2.11

(1.80-2.47)

1.12

(0.89-1.42)

North Africa

0.78

(0.56-1.10)

0.94

(0.46-1.93)

1.05

(0.40-2.76)

West and sub-Saharan Africa

4.55

(2.88-7.18)

3.91

(2.85-5.35)

0.76

(0.55-1.04)

Central and South America

1.71

(1.15-2.54)

1.29

(0.95-1.75)

0.66

(0.44-1.01)

Western and Central-Southern Asia

1.59

(0.80-3.17)

1.45

(0.86-2.45)

0.80

(0.46-1.39)

East Asia

1.54

(1.04-2.27)

1.71

(0.88-3.33)

0.98

(0.69-1.38)

ALL REGIONS

1.80

(1.44-2.28)

1.95

(1.72-2.21)

0.95

(0.77-1.16)

32-36 vs.≥37

      

Italy

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.09

(1.05-1.13)

Eastern Europe

1.35

(1.06-1.72)

1.31

(1.19-1.46)

1.06

(0.87-1.30)

North Africa

1.48

(1.22-1.78)

0.98

(0.71-1.34)

0.72

(0.55-0.95)

West and sub-Saharan Africa

1.48

(1.11-1.97)

1.49

(1.27-1.75)

1.10

(0.89-1.37)

Central and South America

1.10

(0.92-1.31)

1.42

(1.26-1.62)

1.42

(1.12-1.79)

Western and Central-Southern Asia

1.21

(0.99-1.48)

1.47

(1.28-1.70)

1.32

(0.96-1.84)

East Asia

1.37

(0.92-2.04)

1.19

(0.92-1.57)

0.96

(0.80-1.14)

ALL REGIONS

1.32

(1.16-1.50)

1.32

(1.25-1.39)

1.09

(0.96-1.23)

Five Minute Apgar Score (0-6 vs. 7-10)

      

Italy

1.00

 

1.00

 

0.81

(0.76-0.87)

Eastern Europe

1.13

(0.86-1.49)

1.02

(0.91-1.15)

0.73

(0.53-1.00)

North Africa

1.21

(0.80-1.82)

1.29

(0.93-1.79)

0.87

(0.72-1.04)

West and sub-Saharan Africa

2.30

(1.55-3.41)

1.17

(0.69-1.97)

0.41

(0.22-0.77)

Central and South America

1.07

(0.72-1.58)

1.57

(1.25-1.96)

1.19

(0.85-1.67)

Western and Central-Southern Asia

0.89

(0.49-1.61)

1.57

(0.90-2.74)

1.44

(0.55-3.72)

East Asia

0.88

(0.81-0.96)

1.32

(1.26-1.40)

1.22

(1.13-1.31)

ALL REGIONS

1.18

(0.99-1.40)

1.17

(1.03-1.34)

0.81

(0.66-1.00)

Respiratory diseases (yes vs. no)

      

Italy

1.00

 

1.00

 

0.66

(0.63-0.68)

Eastern Europe

1.17

(1.10-1.24)

1.28

(1.22-1.34)

0.72

(0.67-0.77)

North Africa

1.31

(0.98-1.75)

1.40

(1.23-1.60)

0.70

(0.58-0.86)

West and sub-Saharan Africa

1.73

(1.46-2.05)

1.61

(1.34-1.93)

0.61

(0.50-0.75)

Central and South America

1.15

(0.98-1.35)

1.05

(0.94-1.18)

0.60

(0.51-0.71)

Western and Central-Southern Asia

1.05

(0.85-1.29)

1.20

(0.99-1.47)

0.75

(0.66-0.87)

East Asia

1.18

(1.03-1.35)

0.97

(0.72-1.29)

0.54

(0.44-0.65)

ALL REGIONS

1.22

(1.15-1.31)

1.24

(1.17-1.32)

0.66

(0.62-0.71)

Special/intensive care (yes vs. no)

      

Italy

1.00

 

1.00

 

0.96

(0.92-1.00)

Eastern Europe

1.36

(1.22-1.52)

1.46

(1.33-1.59)

1.02

(0.93-1.13)

North Africa

1.29

(0.95-1.74)

1.28

(0.99-1.66)

0.95

(0.83-1.10)

West and sub-Saharan Africa

2.21

(1.73-2.82)

2.22

(1.89-2.60)

0.96

(0.76-1.21)

Central and South America

1.21

(0.97-1.50)

1.36

(1.16-1.60)

1.08

(0.91-1.28)

Western and Central-Southern Asia

1.35

(1.06-1.71)

1.66

(1.48-1.86)

1.18

(0.86-1.62)

East Asia

1.75

(1.41-2.16)

1.04

(0.65-1.66)

0.57

(0.43-0.77)

ALL REGIONS

1.47

(1.30-1.66)

1.45

(1.34-1.57)

0.95

(0.92-1.00)

Congenital malformations (yes vs. no)

      

Italy

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.45

(1.40-1.51)

Eastern Europe

1.12

(0.96-1.30)

1.04

(0.98-1.10)

1.35

(1.13-1.60)

North Africa

0.84

(0.60-1.16)

1.12

(0.91-1.37)

1.94

(1.09-3.44)

West and sub-Saharan Africa

1.12

(0.89-1.39)

1.65

(1.45-1.86)

2.14

(1.69-2.72)

Central and South America

1.20

(0.94-1.53)

1.00

(0.90-1.11)

1.21

(0.93-1.57)

Western and Central-Southern Asia

0.94

(0.81-1.11)

1.25

(1.01-1.54)

1.92

(1.46-2.52)

East Asia

0.84

(0.66-1.08)

0.95

(0.83-1.09)

1.63

(1.40-1.91)

ALL REGIONS

1.03

(0.93-1.15)

1.07

(1.00-1.15)

1.50

(1.32-1.71)

  1. Model 1a: effect of mother's region of birth (reference = Italians) on each outcome in 1996-1998.
  2. Model 1b: effect of mother's region of birth (reference = Italians) on each outcome in 2006-2008.
  3. Model 2: effect of time (reference = 1996-1998) on each outcome, stratified by mothers' region of birth. The group "ALL REGIONS" includes only immigrant mothers.
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