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Table 2 Selected maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes by mother's region of birth. Lazio, 1996-1998 and 2006-2008

From: Perinatal outcomes among immigrant mothers over two periods in a region of central Italy

 

Italy

Western developed countries

Eastern Europe

North Africa

 

'96-'98

'06-'08

'96-'98

'06-'08

'96-'98

'06-'08

'96-'98

'06-'08

 

N = 120886

N = 127122

N = 3884

N = 3683

N = 3781

N = 18650

N = 1310

N = 1889

MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS

        

   Mother's age*

        

15-19

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.3

6.6

5.9

2.3

1.7

20-24

9.1

5.5

8.2

3.0

30.0

23.7

16.0

16.5

25-34

70.4

57.9

71.5

52.9

55.3

58.0

58.9

56.7

35-44

19.3

35.3

19.5

43.5

7.7

12.2

22.4

24.7

45-59

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.3

Missing

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.0

   Educational level attained*

        

None or elementary school

-

10.6

-

14.2

-

15.2

-

21.2

Middle school

-

25.2

-

18.4

-

41.4

-

41.5

High school

-

47.1

-

41.6

-

37.2

-

28.0

Higher education

-

17.0

-

25.7

-

6.0

-

9.3

Missing

-

0.2

-

0.2

-

0.2

-

0.1

   Marital status*

        

Unmarried

-

25.1

-

24.4

-

29.7

-

9.2

Married

-

71.8

-

72.2

-

66.9

-

88.6

Separated

-

1.6

-

1.3

-

0.9

-

0.7

Divorced

-

0.8

-

1.2

-

1.3

-

0.3

Widowed

-

0.1

-

0.1

-

0.1

-

0.0

Missing

-

0.6

-

0.7

-

1.1

-

1.2

   First prenatal visit (weeks)*

        

<12

94.8

98.8

94.5

98.6

84.1

92.8

90.2

93.8

≥12

5.2

1.2

5.5

1.3

15.8

6.9

9.8

5.9

Missing

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.0

0.3

   Parity*

        

0

53.1

56.3

51.4

53.7

59.9

61.1

44.7

40.1

1

37.0

35.1

37.5

35.3

24.6

28.2

37.1

33.9

≥2

10.0

8.6

11.0

11.0

15.5

10.7

18.2

26.0

PERINATAL OUTCOMES

        

   Gestational age (weeks)

        

<31

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.5

1.1

1.3

0.5

0.6

32-36

4.8

5.2

4.9

5.1

6.1

6.7

6.9

5.1

37+

93.8

94.1

93.3

94.4

88.0

92.0

91.5

94.3

Missing

0.7

0.0

1.0

0.0

4.8

0.0

1.1

0.0

   Five Minute Apgar Score

        

0-6

1.7

1.4

2.0

1.1

1.9

1.4

2.1

1.8

7-10

97.8

98.6

97.0

98.9

97.5

98.6

97.8

98.2

Missing

0.4

0.0

1.0

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.0

   Respiratory diseases

6.9

4.6

7.3

3.7

8.0

5.9

8.9

6.4

   Special/intensive care

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.0

5.1

5.2

4.8

4.6

   Congenital Malformations

3.8

5.4

3.2

4.9

4.2

5.6

3.2

6.0

 

West and sub-Saharan Africa

Central and South America

Western and Central-Southern Asia

East Asia

 

'96-'98

'06-'08

'96-'98

'06-'08

'96-'98

'06-'08

'96-'98

'06-'08

 

N = 1064

N = 1469

N = 2030

N = 3588

N = 916

N = 2061

N = 1916

N = 2490

MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS

        

   Mother's age*

        

15-19

0.9

1.6

2.0

2.7

1.1

1.3

0.8

2.2

20-24

12.6

9.3

13.8

12.4

23.0

19.7

11.8

16.1

25-34

64.6

60.9

60.0

57.1

61.0

64.5

66.3

56.3

35-44

21.4

27.9

23.9

27.5

14.4

14.1

20.8

24.8

45-59

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.6

Missing

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

   Educational level attained*

        

None or elementary school

-

21.4

-

15.2

-

23.6

-

22.3

Middle school

-

40.0

-

33.7

-

43.5

-

39.6

High school

-

32.4

-

40.8

-

25.6

-

31.2

Higher education

-

6.1

-

9.9

-

7.0

-

6.8

Missing

-

0.1

-

0.3

-

0.3

-

0.1

   Marital status*

        

Unmarried

-

33.1

-

35.6

-

8.7

-

23.9

Married

-

64.3

-

60.7

-

90.0

-

74.7

Separated

-

1.4

-

1.8

-

0.3

-

0.6

Divorced

-

0.4

-

1.0

-

0.1

-

0.1

Widowed

-

0.1

-

0.1

-

0.1

-

0.4

Missing

-

0.7

-

0.7

-

0.7

-

0.4

   First prenatal visit (weeks)*

        

<12

87.9

92.8

92.0

96.7

87.8

92.4

82.3

92.1

≥12

12.0

7.0

8.0

3.2

12.2

7.5

17.7

7.8

Missing

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

   Parity*

        

0

50.3

48.8

55.1

53.0

57.5

50.9

51.8

49.2

1

30.8

33.2

33.1

33.7

33.0

35.9

34.8

36.1

≥2

18.9

18.0

11.8

13.3

9.5

13.2

13.4

14.8

PERINATAL OUTCOMES

        

   Gestational age (weeks)

        

<31

3.0

2.3

1.2

0.8

1.1

0.9

1.0

1.0

32-36

6.7

7.5

5.2

7.3

5.7

7.5

6.3

6.2

37+

88.6

90.2

92.5

91.9

91.8

91.6

90.7

92.8

Missing

1.7

0.0

1.2

0.0

1.4

0.0

1.9

0.0

   Five Minute Apgar Score

        

0-6

3.9

1.6

1.8

2.2

1.5

2.2

1.5

1.8

7-10

95.8

98.4

97.8

97.8

98.5

97.8

98.3

98.2

Missing

0.4

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

   Respiratory diseases

11.4

7.3

7.9

4.9

7.2

5.5

8.0

4.5

   Special/intensive care

8.0

7.7

4.5

4.9

5.0

5.9

6.4

3.8

   Congenital Malformations

4.2

8.6

4.5

5.4

3.6

6.7

3.2

5.2

  1. *Χ2 test for differences in proportions statistically significant (p < 0.0001) across regions within each time period.
  2. Percentages are by column.
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