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Table 2 Growth curve models predicting depressive symptomatology on the negative affect domain, the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) 1989-2007
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | Coefficient (β) | Standard Error | Coefficient (β) | Standard Error |
| Social participation | ||||
| Participation before 70 (ref = never participated) | ||||
| Continuous participation from baseline to age 70, β01 | -1.414*** | 0.262 | -0.681** | 0.250 |
| Initiating participation from baseline to age 70, β02 | -1.128*** | 0.256 | -0.709** | 0.235 |
| Ceased participation after baseline, β03 | -0.710*** | 0.283 | -0.195** | 0.265 |
| Dropped out before age 70, β04 | 0.003** | 0.277 | 0.111** | 0.262 |
| Health status | ||||
| Physical disability (ref = None) | ||||
| One and more functioning limitations | 1.789*** | 0.180 | ||
| Chronic health problems (ref = None) | ||||
| One and more chronic conditions | -0.297*** | 0.221 | ||
| Socio-demographics | ||||
| Gender (ref = Male) | ||||
| Female | 0.294*** | 0.221 | ||
| Ethnicity (ref = Fukianese) | ||||
| Hakka | 0.017*** | 0.240 | ||
| Mainlander | -0.122*** | 0.218 | ||
| Socioeconomic position | ||||
| Education (ref = Illiterate) | ||||
| Incomplete primary education | -0.434*** | 0.272 | ||
| Completed primary education | -0.941*** | 0.226 | ||
| High school graduate and above | -1.437*** | 0.265 | ||
| Work status (ref = No work) | ||||
| Full- or part-time work | -0.690*** | 0.201 | ||
| Assisting family | -0.754*** | 0.238 | ||
| Home ownership (ref = no) | -0.465*** | 0.188 | ||
| Family background | ||||
| Family living arrangement (ref = Alone) | ||||
| Living with family | -0.534*** | 0.200 | ||
| Symptom level, intercept | 3.142*** | 0.209 | 4.146*** | 0.367 |
| Mean growth rate, linear | 0.182** | 0.031 | 0.175*** | 0.030 |
| Mean acceleration, quadratic | -0.004*** | 0.001 | -0.004** | 0.001 |
| Random effects | Estimate | S.E. | Estimate | S.E. |
| Variance in random intercept | 4.285*** | 0.735 | 2.392*** | 0.599 |
| Variance in random slope | 0.018*** | 0.006 | 0.017*** | 0.005 |
| Variance in residuals | 13.297*** | 0.342 | 13.335*** | 0.318 |
