| Continuous participation from baseline to age 70 | Initiating participation from baseline to age 70 | Ceased participation after baseline | Never participated before age 70 | Dropped out before age 70 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | (n = 259) | (n = 274) | (n = 200) | (n = 359) | (n = 296) | (n = 1,388) |
Health status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Physical disability: One and more functioning limitations (%) | 28.57b | 33.94 | 33.50 | 40.67a | 42.91ab** | 36.53 |
Chronic disease: One and more chronic conditions (%) | 15.83 | 13.50a | 17.00 | 14.76 | 22.64a* | 16.71 |
Socio-demographic characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male (%) | 80.31aef | 57.66ceg | 76.50b | 43.73abcd | 68.58dfg*** | 63.33 |
Ethnicity (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Fukianese | 51.35a | 62.77c | 47.50bc | 65.74ab | 58.11*** | 58.21 |
   Hakka | 15.06 | 16.06 | 14.00 | 15.32 | 10.14 | 14.12 |
   Mainlander | 33.59ad | 21.17def | 38.50be | 18.94abc | 31.76cf*** | 27.67 |
Socioeconomic position | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Education (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Illiterate | 17.76ad | 31.02d | 19.50b | 38.44abc | 25.68c*** | 27.67 |
   Incomplete primary education | 10.04 | 15.69 | 15.00 | 18.11 | 17.91 | 15.63 |
   Completed primary education | 36.68 | 33.58 | 34.00 | 27.02 | 28.72 | 31.48 |
   High school graduate and above | 35.52ae | 19.71cef | 31.50bf | 16.43abcd | 27.70d*** | 25.22 |
Work status (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No work | 27.03b | 17.15ac | 33.50 | 30.92a | 40.54bc | 29.90 |
   Full- or part-time work | 53.28ac | 51.09bd | 47.00 | 37.05ab | 38.51cd*** | 44.60 |
   Assisting family | 19.69ad | 31.75def | 19.50be | 32.03abc | 20.95cf*** | 25.50 |
Home owned (%) | 74.52b | 78.10d | 74.00c | 72.70a | 60.14abcd*** | 71.61 |
Family background | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lives with family (%) | 80.69a | 81.75b | 74.00 | 73.26 | 64.19ab*** | 74.50 |
CES-D score | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Negative affect domain | 2.02ad (2.94) | 2.16ce (3.22) | 2.54b (3.84) | 3.55abc (4.54) | 3.52de*** (4.55) | 2.84 (3.99) |
Lack of positive affect domain | 2.63acd (2.35) | 3.14b (2.26) | 3.51c (2.32) | 3.67ab (2.14) | 3.53d*** (2.18) | 3.32 (2.27) |