Table 1 Socio-demographic, anthropometric and health characteristics in a sample of type 2 diabetic individuals, according to gender (Brazil, 2009).
Variables | Overall (n = 121) | Male (n = 49) | Female (n = 72) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Age in years | 60.1 ± 8.9 | 59.8 ± 9.9 | 60.2 ± 8.3 | 0.802 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 ± 6.5 | 28.2 ± 4.9 | 32.3 ± 7.1 | 0.001 |
Physical activity score | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 0.663 |
Medical consultations per year | 1.83 ± 1.4 | 1.86 ± 1.5 | 1.82 ± 1.3 | 0.884 |
Laboratory tests (US$) | 14.5 ± 1.3 | 14.2 ± 2.1 | 14.7 ± 1.7 | 0.872 |
Medication (US$) | 89.1 ± 10.8 | 98.8 ± 17.4 | 82.1 ± 13.8 | 0.461 |
T2DM medication (US$) | 81.9 ± 10.9 | 93.7 ± 17.4 | 73.9 ± 13.9 | 0.376 |
Other medication (US$) | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 0.006 |
Medical consultation (US$) | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 8.1 ± 0.8 | 7.9 ± 0.5 | 0.859 |
Nursing consultation (US$) | 37.4 ± 1.2 | 39.5 ± 1.3 | 35.9 ± 1.9 | 0.128 |
Overall expenditures (US$) | 148.9 ± 11.7 | 160.5 ± 17.7 | 140.5 ± 14.1 | 0.481 |
Skin color (%) | 0.361 | |||
White | 71.9 | 73.5 | 70.8 | |
Black | 18.2 | 10.2 | 23.6 | |
Yellow | 6.6 | 10.2 | 4.2 | |
Other | 3.3 | 6.1 | 1.4 | |
Fasting glucose (%) | 0.238 | |||
<99 mg/dl | 9.1 | 10.2 | 8.3 | |
100-125 mg/dl | 22.3 | 28.6 | 18.1 | |
≥126 mg/dl | 68.6 | 61.2 | 73.6 | |
WHR (%) | 0.003 | |||
Normal | 13.2 | 24.5 | 5.5 | |
High | 86.8 | 75.5 | 94.4 | |
BMI (%) | 0.008 | |||
<25 kg/m2 | 18.2 | 24.5 | 13.9 | |
25-29.9 kg/m2 | 35.5 | 44.9 | 29.2 | |
≥30 kg/m2 | 46.3 | 30.6 | 56.9 | |
Smoking habit (%) | 11.6 | 16.3 | 8.3 | 0.289 |
Exogenous insulin use (%) | 36.4 | 42.9 | 31.9 | 0.302 |
Diabetic neuropathy (%) | 26.4 | 32.7 | 22.2 | 0.286 |
Physically active (%) | 26.4% | 24.5 | 27.8 | 0.586 |