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Table 3 Proportion of population, proportion who smoke, and odds ratios for current smoking, by demographic and psychosocial characteristics, US National Health Interview Survey (n = 31,428)

From: Non-specific psychological distress, smoking status and smoking cessation: United States National Health Interview Survey 2005

 

Frequency

Proportion who smoke

Multivariate odds ratio for current smoking

 

%

95% CI

%

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Age group (years)

      

   18 - 24

13.0

(12.5 - 13.5)

24.4

(22.4 - 26.3)

1.00

(Reference)

   25 - 34

17.9

(17.4 - 18.4)

24.6

(23.2 - 25.9)

1.32

(1.18 - 1.47)

   35 - 44

19.7

(19.2 - 20.3)

23.6

(22.4 - 24.8)

1.30

(1.16 - 1.46)

   45 - 54

19.3

(18.8 - 19.9)

24.4

(23.1 - 25.7)

1.29

(1.15 - 1.46)

   55 - 64

13.9

(13.4 - 14.3)

18.5

(17.2 - 19.8)

0.86

(0.76 - 0.98)

   65 and over

16.1

(15.7 - 16.5)

8.6

(7.8 - 9.4)

0.27

(0.24 - 0.31)

Sex

      

   Male

48.2

(47.5 - 48.8)

23.9

(23.0 - 24.7)

1.63

(1.54 - 1.73)

   Female

51.8

(51.2 - 52.5)

18.1

(17.5 - 18.8)

1.00

(Reference)

Race/ethnicity

      

   Non-Hispanic White

71.3

(70.8 - 71.9)

22.0

(21.3 - 22.6)

1.00

(Reference)

   Hispanic

12.8

(12.4 - 13.1)

16.2

(15.0 - 17.4)

0.54

(0.49 - 0.60)

   Non-Hispanic Black

11.3

(10.9 - 11.7)

21.3

(19.8 - 22.8)

0.64

(0.59 - 0.70)

   All other race groups

4.6

(4.3 - 4.9)

16.4

(13.9 - 18.9)

0.89

(0.74 - 1.06)

Marital status

      

   Married/living with partner

61.8

(61.2 - 62.5)

18.9

(18.3 - 19.6)

1.00

(Reference)

   Divorced/widowed/separated

17.0

(16.6 - 17.4)

24.0

(22.9 - 25.1)

1.41

(1.30 - 1.52)

   Never married

19.7

(19.2 - 20.3)

24.3

(22.9 - 25.8)

1.02

(0.94 - 1.11)

   Not stated

1.4

(1.3 - 1.6)

22.4

(18.5 - 26.4)

1.20

(0.97 - 1.48)

Education

      

   Less than high school

16.1

(15.6 - 16.6)

26.5

(24.9 - 28.0)

3.39

(3.03 - 3.78)

   High school graduate or GED

29.4

(28.8 - 30.0)

26.8

(25.7 - 27.9)

2.99

(2.73 - 3.29)

   Some college/associate degree

28.0

(27.4 - 28.5)

22.0

(21.0 - 23.0)

2.21

(2.01 - 2.43)

   College graduate or higher

25.5

(24.9 - 26.0)

9.6

(8.8 - 10.3)

1.00

(Reference)

   Not stated

1.1

(1.0 - 1.3)

19.3

(13.9 - 24.6)

2.69

(1.92 - 3.77)

Born in the United States

      

   Yes

84.2

(83.8 - 84.7)

22.2

(21.6 - 22.8)

1.00

(Reference)

   No

15.7

(15.2 - 16.1)

14.1

(12.9 - 15.2)

0.52

(0.47 - 0.58)

   Not stated

0.1

(0 - 0.1)

28.0

(7.6 - 48.3)

1.55

(0.58 - 4.19)

Family income

      

   Under $20,000

17.3

(16.8 - 17.7)

26.9

(25.7 - 28.0)

1.55

(1.38 - 1.75)

   $20,000 or more not further stated

13.4

(13.0 - 13.9)

16.3

(14.8 - 17.7)

1.14

(1.01 - 1.30)

   $20,000 - $44,999

22.1

(21.5 - 22.6)

25.2

(24.0 - 26.4)

1.52

(1.36 - 1.68)

   $45,000 - $74,999

18.1

(17.6 - 18.6)

21.4

(20.0 - 22.7)

1.30

(1.17 - 1.45)

   $75,000 or more

23.1

(22.5 - 23.6)

14.8

(13.7 - 15.9)

1.00

(Reference)

   Not stated

6.1

(5.8 - 6.4)

20.6

(17.9 - 23.2)

1.34

(1.15 - 1.56)

Housing tenure

      

   Owned or being bought

70.9

(70.3 - 71.5)

17.9

(17.3 - 18.5)

1.00

(Reference)

   Rented

26.4

(25.9 - 27.0)

28.6

(27.6 - 29.7)

1.52

(1.41 - 1.63)

   Other

2.1

(1.9 - 2.3)

26.6

(22.9 - 30.2)

1.18

(0.99 - 1.41)

   Not stated

0.6

(0.5 - 0.7)

16.6

(10.4 - 22.8)

0.73

(0.47 - 1.15)

K6 level of psychological distress

      

   0 - 2

69.3

(68.7 - 69.9)

17.7

(17.1 - 18.3)

1.00

(Reference)

   3 - 7

19.8

(19.2 - 20.3)

25.2

(23.9 - 26.5)

1.41

(1.31 - 1.52)

   8 - 12

6.2

(5.9 - 6.5)

33.9

(31.4 - 36.3)

1.89

(1.70 - 2.10)

   13 - 24

2.9

(2.7 - 3.1)

41.9

(38.4 - 45.4)

2.41

(2.10 - 2.76)

   Not stated

1.8

(1.6 - 2)

16.4

(12.5 - 20.4)

0.91

(0.70 - 1.18)