Table 3 Frequencies of ICPC-2 coded health problems (Substance abuse, self harm and psychiatric disorders) of 2195 medical files of detainees in a remand prison in Geneva, Switzerland, 2007
From: Health problems among detainees in Switzerland: a study using the ICPC-2 classification
Category (common examples) | Males | Females | All detainees | Prevalence data: General population | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 2087 | N = 108 | N = 2195 | |||||
N | % (95% CI) | ||||||
E. Substance abuse | |||||||
Substance abuse (licit) | 1502 | 72.0 (70.0-73.9) | 60 | 55.6 (46.2-64.9) | 1562 | 71.2 (69.3-73.1) | |
Tobacco (active) | 1296 | 62.1 (60.0-64.2) | 55 | 50.9 (41.5-60.4) | 1351 | 61.5 (59.5-63.6) | 29.3-37.2 [24]* |
Alcohol misuse | 750 | 35.9 (33.9-38.0) | 13 | 12.0 (5.9-18.2) | 763 | 34.8 (32.8-36.8) | 3.9-4.8 [24]* |
Benzodiazepine (not medically prescribed) | 465 | 22.3 (20.5-24.1) | 13 | 12.0 (5.9-18.2) | 478 | 21.8 (20.1-23.5) | |
Illicit drug use (active): | 852 | 40.8 (38.7-42.9) | 31 | 28.7 (20.2-37.2) | 883 | 40.2 (38.2-42.3) | |
Cannabis | 605 | 29.0 (27.0-30.9) | 19 | 17.6 (10.4-24.8) | 624 | 28.4 (26.5-30.3) | 9.3 [24] |
Cocaine | 418 | 20.0 (18.3-21.7) | 10 | 9.3 (3.8-14.7) | 428 | 19.5 (17.8-21.2) | 2.8 [21]** |
Heroine | 255 | 12.2 (10.8-13.6) | 14 | 13.0 (6.6-19.3) | 269 | 12.3 (10.9-13.6) | 0.7 [21]** |
Illicit drug use (lifetime): | 720 | 34.5 (32.5-36.5) | 21 | 19.4 (12.0-26.9) | 741 | 33.8 (31.8-35.7) | |
Cocaine | 673 | 32.2 (30.2-34.3) | 17 | 15.7 (8.9-22.6) | 690 | 31.4 (29.5-33.4) | 2.8 [21]* |
Heroine | 369 | 17.7 (16.0-19.3) | 17 | 15.7 (8.9-22.6) | 386 | 17.6 (16.0-19.2) | 0.7 [21]** |
F. Psychiatry | 332 | 15.9 (14.3-17.5) | 27 | 25.0 (16.8-17.9) | 359 | 16.4 (14.8-17.9) | |
Depression | 145 | 6.9 (5.9-8.0) | 18 | 16.7 (9.6-23.7) | 163 | 7.4 (6.3-8.5) | 2-9% major depression [29] |
Personality disorder | 111 | 5.3 (4.4-6.3) | 9 | 8.3 (3.1-13.5) | 120 | 5.5 (4.5-6.4) | 1-3% antisocial personality disorder [29] |
Adjustment disorder | 90 | 4.3 (3.4-5.2) | 8 | 7.4 (2.5-12.3) | 98 | 4.5 (3.6-5.3) | 5-20% in individuals seeking outpatient mental health treatment [29] |
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | 22 | 1.1 (0.6-1.5) | 0 | 22 | 1.0 (0.6-1.4) | 1-14% [29] | |
Psychosis (schizophrenia, delirium) | 17 | 0.8 (0.4-1.2) | 4 | 3.7 (0.0-7.3) | 21 | 1.0 (0.5-1.4) | 0.2-2% schizophrenia [29] |
Bipolar disorder | 2 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 0 | 2 | 0.1 (0.0-0.2) | 0.4-1.6 [29] | |