Table 1 Population Characteristics of Deaths (aged ≥1 y) 1998-2007 (N = 661 773)
1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n, %*, P-value for χ2 for trends and F-test (beds) | |||||||||||
ALL DEATHS | 66 481 | 66 946 | 66 728 | 65 555 | 67 123 | 68 278 | 65 050 | 65 617 | 64 560 | 65 435 | |
CAUSE OF DEATH | |||||||||||
Cancer | 27.6% | 27.0% | 26.9% | 27.2% | 27.1% | 26.4% | 27.1% | 27.4% | 28.1% | 28.4% | P < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular Disease | 28.6% | 28.1% | 28.7% | 28.5% | 28.1% | 27.7% | 27.9% | 26.7% | 25.7% | 25.7% | P < 0.001 |
Respiratory Disease | 11.4% | 11.5% | 11.9% | 11.5% | 12.1% | 12.7% | 11.7% | 12.4% | 11.6% | 11.7% | P = 0.004 |
Disease of Nervous System | 2.3% | 2.2% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.5% | 2.9% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 3.4% | P < 0.001 |
Stroke (CVA) | 8.9% | 9.1% | 8.7% | 8.8% | 8.7% | 8.4% | 8.6% | 8.1% | 8.0% | 7.9% | P < 0.001 |
Other | 21.1% | 22.1% | 21.5% | 21.8% | 21.5% | 22.0% | 22.1% | 22.5% | 23.2% | 23.0% | P < 0.001 |
PALLIATIVE SUBSET[16](N = 354 794) | 54.2% | 53.4% | 52.8% | 53.2% | 53.4% | 52.9% | 53.3% | 53.4% | 54.5% | 55.1% | P < 0.001 |
AGE | |||||||||||
1-64 year | 17.9% | 18.0% | 17.8% | 17.7% | 17.1% | 16.5% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 16.8% | 17.0% | P < 0.001 |
65-74 year | 21.0% | 20.0% | 19.9% | 19.4% | 18.6% | 18.3% | 17.8% | 17.7% | 16.8% | 16.2% | P < 0.001 |
75-84 year | 30.4% | 30.1% | 30.1% | 31.0% | 32.7% | 34.3% | 35.9% | 35.1% | 35.2% | 34.4% | P < 0.001 |
85+ year | 30.6% | 31.9% | 32.2% | 31.9% | 31.5% | 30.9% | 29.6% | 30.5% | 31.2% | 32.4% | P = 0.2 |
SEX | |||||||||||
Male | 49.9% | 49.9% | 50.0% | 49.9% | 49.5% | 49.1% | 49.6% | 49.5% | 49.6% | 49.7% | P = 0.04 |
Female | 50.1% | 50.1% | 50.0% | 50.1% | 50.5% | 50.9% | 50.4% | 50.5% | 50.4% | 50.3% | P = 0.04 |
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT | |||||||||||
No formal or elementary | 44.3% | 44.8% | 43.3% | 40.7% | 39.0% | 36.6% | 34.7% | 33.2% | 31.5% | 30.0% | P < 0.001 |
Lower secondary | 17.4% | 17.4% | 17.7% | 19.0% | 18.9% | 17.6% | 18.3% | 18.8% | 18.7% | 17.3% | P < 0.001 |
Higher secondary | 10.4% | 9.4% | 10.2% | 9.7% | 9.2% | 9.0% | 9.8% | 11.5% | 12.8% | 13.1% | P < 0.001 |
Higher | 4.5% | 4.2% | 3.9% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 3.7% | 4.1% | 4.2% | 4.4% | 4.5% | P = 0.03 |
Other or unknown | 23.4% | 24.2% | 24.8% | 26.6% | 28.8% | 33.0% | 33.1% | 32.3% | 32.5% | 35.2% | P < 0.001 |
LIVING ARRANGEMENT | |||||||||||
Living alone | 21.6% | 21.0% | 20.9% | 21.4% | 21.2% | 20.7% | 21.6% | 22.7% | 22.3% | 23.4% | P < 0.001 |
Multi-person household | 54.4% | 54.7% | 54.8% | 54.0% | 53.1% | 53.0% | 53.1% | 51.6% | 52.3% | 51.9% | P < 0.001 |
Care home | 24.0% | 24.2% | 24.3% | 24.7% | 25.6% | 26.2% | 25.4% | 25.7% | 25.4% | 24.6% | P < 0.001 |
URBANIZATION LEVEL | |||||||||||
Very strong | 39.3% | 39.1% | 38.8% | 38.4% | 38.5% | 38.1% | 38.1% | 37.7% | 37.4% | 36.4% | P < 0.001 |
Strong | 27.9% | 27.9% | 28.1% | 28.1% | 28.3% | 28.2% | 28.2% | 28.5% | 28.4% | 29.7% | P < 0.001 |
Average | 28.5% | 28.7% | 28.7% | 29.1% | 28.8% | 29.2% | 29.4% | 29.4% | 29.9% | 29.4% | P < 0.001 |
Low or rural | 4.3% | 4.3% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 4.5% | 4.4% | 4.5% | P = 0.12 |
HEALTH CARE RESOURCES | |||||||||||
Hospital beds/1000 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | P = 1 |
Residential beds in care homes/1000≥ 65 y | 56.0 | 52.9 | 49.9 | 46.6 | 43.3 | 40.2 | 38.2 | 37.7 | 36.6 | 35.7 | P < 0.001 |
Skilled nursing beds in care homes/1000≥ 65 y | 11.6 | 14.5 | 17.5 | 20.2 | 22.8 | 25.4 | 26.9 | 26.8 | 27.8 | 29.0 | P < 0.001 |