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Table 4 Multivariate Prediction of differences between self-reported and measured weight and body mass index (BMI).

From: Validation of self-reported anthropometrics in the Adventist Health Study 2

 

Weigh difference* (kg)

  

BMI difference* (kg/m2)

 

Variables

Regression coefficient (ß)

(95% CI)

p value

 

Regression coefficient (ß)

(95% CI)

p value

Age

     

   <45 years

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   45-<55 years

-0.82 (-1.85 to +0.21)

0.12

 

-0.33 (-0.77 to +0.11)

0.15

   55-<65 years

+1.35 (+0.30 to +2.40)

0.01

 

+0.22 (-0.23 to +0.67)

0.33

   65- <75 years

+1.89 (+0.75 to +3.02)

0.001

 

+0.25 (-0.23 to +0.74)

0.31

   ≥75 years

+2.29 (+0.99 to +3.58)

0.001

 

-0.11 (-0.66 to +0.44)

0.71

Sex (Female vs Male)

-0.14 (-0.89 to +0.60)

0.70

 

+0.08 (-0.24 to +0.39)

0.64

Obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) (measured)

-2.73 (-3.47 to -1.98)

<0.001

 

-1.55 (-1.86 to -1.23)

<0.001

Ever smokers

-0.71 (-1.59 to +0.17)

0.12

 

-0.18 (-0.55 to +0.20)

0.36

Married

-0.44 (-1.32 to +0.44)

0.33

 

-0.12 (-0.50 to +0.26)

0.54

Time lag between measurements

     

   Quartile 1 (<1.29 years)

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   Quartile 2 (≥1.29 - <1.58 years)

-0.07 (-1.00 to +0.86)

0.88

 

+0.01 (-0.38 to +0.41)

0.95

   Quartile 3 (≥1.58 - <2.33 years)

-0.26 (-1.19 to +0.67)

0.59

 

-0.12 (-0.52 to +0.28)

0.56

   Quartile 4 (≥2.33 years)

+0.59 (-0.37 to +1.55)

0.23

 

+0.25 (-0.16 to +0.66)

0.23

Education

     

   ≤High School

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   ≤2-year college

-1.27 (-2.16 to -0.38)

0.05

 

-0.39 (-0.77 to -0.01)

0.04

   ≤Doctoral degree

-0.63 (-1.59 to +0.32)

0.19

 

-0.13 (-0.54 to +0.28)

0.53

Income per capita1

     

   Low

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   Medium

-0.29 (-1.26 to +0.69)

0.53

 

-0.24 (-0.66 to +0.18)

0.26

   High

-0.56 (-1.68 to +0.57)

0.33

 

-0.26 (-0.75 to +0.22)

0.28

Race

     

   White

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   Black

+0.01 (-0.74 to +0.75)

0.99

 

-0.10 (-0.42 to +0.22)

0.56

   Hispanic

-0.11 (-1.89 to +1.67)

0.90

 

-0.16 (-0.92 to +0.60)

0.68

   Asian

+0.80 (-1.63 to +3.23)

0.52

 

+0.30 (-0.74 to +1.34)

0.29

   Other

-1.27 (-4.77 to +2.23)

0.48

 

-0.31 (-1.81 to +1.18)

0.49

Physical Activity2

     

   Low

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   Medium

-0.36 (-1.35 to +0.64)

0.48

 

-0.23 (-0.66 to +0.19)

0.29

   High

-0.33 (-1.28 to +0.64)

0.51

 

-0.14 (-0.55 to +0.27)

0.49

Soy consumers3

+1.39 (+0.46 to +2.32)

0.003

 

+0.56 (+0.16 to +0.96)

0.006

Nuts consumption

     

   ≤1/week

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   2 to 4/week

-0.11 (-0.95 to +0.74)

0.80

 

-0.05 (-0.41 to +0.31)

0.78

   ≥5/week

-0.26 (-1.10 to +0.58)

0.55

 

-0.02 (-0.37 to +0.34)

0.94

Diet4

     

   Non-vegetarian

0 (Ref.)

  

0 (Ref.)

 

   Semi-vegetarian

-1.04 (-1.95 to -0.13)

0.03

 

-0.42 (-0.81 to -0.04)

0.03

   Vegetarian

-0.61 (-1.44 to +0.22)

0.15

 

-0.25 (-0.60 to +0.10)

0.17

  1. 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval.
  2. *Difference = Self-reported - Measured.
  3. All the variables are adjusted through a multivariate linear regression analysis for the all variables shown in the table.
  4. 1) Low: <10,000$, medium: ≥10,000 - <30,000$, High: ≥30,000$.
  5. 2) Low: < 20 minutes of non-vigorous activity; medium: ≥20 minutes of non-vigorous activity; high: ≥20 minutes of vigorous activity.
  6. 3) Soy consumers: ≥ 1 g of soy protein consumption per day.
  7. 4) Semi-vegetarian: low meat consumption and pesco; Vegetarian: Vegan and Lactovegetarian.