Table 2 Relationship between stressful life events/social health issues, perceived discrimination and social and obstetric characteristics
|
No social health issues No. (%) |
One to two social health issues No. (%) |
Three or more social health issues No. (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI)* |
Never experienced discrimination No. (%) |
Experienced discrimination No. (%) |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | |||||||
| ≤24 years | 84 (20.3) | 166 (40.2) | 163 (39.5) |
4.48
(3.4-5.9) | 250 (60.7) | 162 (39.3) |
2.00
(1.6-2.5) |
| ≥25 years | 1315 (34.7) | 1900 (50.2) | 570 (15.1) | 1.00 ref | 2853 (75.6) | 923 (24.4) | 1.00 ref |
| Adjusted household income (AUD) | |||||||
| < $20,000 | 239 (25.6) | 400 (42.9) | 296 (31.7) |
2.95
(2.4-3.7) | 619 (66.5) | 312 (33.5) |
1.50
(1.3-1.8) |
| $20,000- $40,000 | 684 (35.0) | 983 (50.3) | 287 (14.7) | 1.00 ref | 1463 (74.9) | 490 (25.1) | 1.00 ref |
| > $40,000 | 364 (37.3) | 524 (53.7) | 88 (9.0) |
0.58
(0.4-0.8) | 764 (78.0) | 215 (22.0) |
0.84
(0.7-1.0) |
| Educational attainment | |||||||
| Completed Yr 12 | 1152 (33.7) | 1739 (50.9) | 529 (15.5) | 1.00 ref | 2556 (74.9) | 856 (25.1) | 1.00 ref |
| Did not complete Yr 12 | 272 (30.6) | 390 (43.8) | 228 (25.6) |
1.83
(1.5-2.3) | 617 (69.6) | 270 (30.4) |
1.31
(1.1-1.5) |
| Indigenous status | |||||||
| Not Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander | 1328 (33.2) | 1999 (50.1) | 713 (16.7) | 100 ref | 2968 (73.6) | 1067 (26.4) | 1.00 ref |
| Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander | 8 (25.8) | 11 (35.5) | 12 (38.7) |
2.79
(1.1-6.9) | 21 (67.7) | 10 (32.3) |
1.32
(0.6-2.8) |
| Maternal country of birth | |||||||
| Australia | 1165 (33.2) | 1716 (48.8) | 633 (18.0) | 1.00 ref | 2604 (74.2) | 906 (25.8) | 1.00 ref |
| Overseas - English speaking | 82 (30.5) | 149 (55.4) | 38 (14.1) |
0.85
(0.5-1.3) | 195 (72.0) | 76 (28.0) |
1.12
(0.8-1.5) |
| Overseas - Non English speaking | 178 (34.0) | 258 (49.3) | 87 (16.6) |
0.90
(0.7-1.2) | 381 (73.1) | 140 (26.9) |
1.06
(0.8-1.3) |
| Relationship status | |||||||
| Married | 1181 (35.7) | 1696 (51.2) | 437 (12.2) | 1.00 ref | 2511 (76.3) | 779 (23.7) | 1.00 ref |
| Living with partner | 236 (28.3) | 379 (46.8) | 219 (26.3) |
2.51
(2.0-3.1) | 555 (66.9) | 274 (33.1) |
1.59
(1.3-1.9) |
| Single/divorce/separated | 20 (10.4) | 61 (38.5) | 111 (57.8) |
15.0
(9.2-24.4) | 119 (62.6) | 71 (37.4) |
1.92
(1.4-2.6) |
| Maternal pre-pregnant BMI | |||||||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 46 (25.3) | 91 (50.0) | 45 (24.7) |
2.08
(1.4-3.2) | 121 (68.0) | 57 (32.0) |
1.44
(1.0-2.0) |
| Normal weight (18.5-24.9) | 814 (34.0) | 1197 (50.0) | 382 (16.0) | 1.00 ref | 1802 (75.5) | 586 (24.5) | 1.00 ref |
| Overweight (25-29.9) | 308 (34.0) | 435 (48.1) | 162 (17.9) |
1.12
(0.9-1.4) | 669 (74.0) | 235 (26.0) |
1.08
(0.9-1.3) |
| Obese (≥30) | 184 (31.6) | 284 (48.7) | 115 (19.7) |
1.33
(1.0-1.7) | 412 (71.0) | 168 (29.0) |
1.25
(1.0-1.5) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||||||
| Non-smoker | 1232 (35.1) | 1760 (50.2) | 514 (14.7) | 1.00 ref | 2623 (75.2) | 864 (24.8) | 1.00 ref |
| Quit in pregnancy | 95 (27.1) | 169 (48.2) | 87 (24.8) |
2.20
(1.6-3.0) | 248 (71.5) | 99 (28.5) |
1.21
(0.9-1.5) |
| Smoking throughout pregnancy | 86 (21.5) | 162 (40.5) | 152 (38.0) |
4.24
(3.2-5.6) | 245 (62.0) | 150 (38.0) |
1.86
(1.5-2.3) |
| Medical risk | |||||||
| Lower risk | 960 (36.3) | 1295 (48.9) | 392 (14.8) | 1.00 ref | 2008 (76.3) | 624 (23.7) | 1.00ref |
| Higher risk | 480 (28.2) | 849 (49.8) | 376 (22.1) |
1.92
(1.6-2.3) | 1184 (70.0) | 508 (30.0) |
1.38
(1.2-1.6) |
| Gestation | |||||||
| ≥37 weeks | 1333 (33.7) | 1939 (49.0) | 686 (17.33) | 1.00 ref | 2913 (74.1) | 1020 (25.9) | 1.00 ref |
| < 37 weeks | 79 (28.3) | 146 (52.3) | 54 (19.4) |
1.32
(0.9-1.9) | 198 (71.2) | 80 (28.8) |
1.15
(0.9-1.5) |
| Infant birthweight | |||||||
| ≥2500 grams | 1332 (33.6) | 1954 (49.3) | 676 (17.1) | 1.00 ref | 2903 (73.8) | 1032 (26.2) | 1.00 ref |
| < 2500 grams | 44 (24.7) | 88 (49.4) | 46 (25.8) |
2.06
(1.3-3.1) | 121 (68.0) | 57 (32.0) |
1.32
(1.0-1.8) |