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Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) showing the association between walking for recreation and transportation inside the neighbourhood during a usual week (i.e., none vs. any) from winter to summer and dog ownership status

From: Does dog-ownership influence seasonal patterns of neighbourhood-based walking among adults? A longitudinal study

 

Neighbourhood walking for recreation

Neighbourhood walking for transportation

Dog ownership status

Consistent participator1

Summer participator2†

Winter participator3

Consistent non-participator4

Consistent participator1

Summer participator2

Winter participator3

Consistent non-participator4

 

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

Non-owners

1.00

-

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Owners

3.28

(1.86, 5.79)*

-

1.05

(0.49, 2.23)

0.35

(0.16, 0.79)*

0.65

(0.40, 1.05)

0.91

(0.45, 1.83)

1.44

(0.75, 2.74)

1.41

(0.86, 2.30)

  1. * Participation significantly different between dog-owners and non-owners (p < .05)
  2. †All respondents who participated in NWR during summer but not winter were non-owners.
  3. 1Walked in both summer and winter.
  4. 2Walked in summer only.
  5. 3Walked in winter only.
  6. 4No walking in summer and winter.
  7. All results adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, income, education and type of house.