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Table 2 Association between mental health outcomes and socio-demographics, previous medical problems and water level (Odds ratios and 95%CI. Adjusted odds ratios are adjusted for all variables shown in the table)

From: Psychosocial impact of the summer 2007 floods in England

 

Psychological distress

(cases = 584, total = 2,113)

Anxiety

(cases = 297, total = 2,037)

Depression

(cases = 280, total = 2,113)

Probable PTSD

(cases = 138, total = 2,019)

Explanatory variable

Univariate

Adjusted

Univariate

Adjusted

Univariate

Adjusted

Univariate

Adjusted

Age (years)

        

≤ 35

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

36-65

0.9

(0.7, 1.1)

1.1

(0.8, 1.5)

0.95

(0.7, 1.3)

1.0

(0.7, 1.6)

0.8

(0.6, 1.1)

1.0

(0.7, 1.5)

1.2

(0.7, 1.9)

1.5

(0.9, 2.5)

> 65

0.5

(0.3, 0.6)

0.6

(0.4, 1.0)

0.6

(0.4, 0.9)

0.6

(0.3, 1.1)

0.3

(0.2, 0.5)

0.4

(0.2, 0.7)

0.5

(0.2, 0.9)

0.4

(0.2, 0.9)

Reported existing medical problems

2.0

(1.6, 2.6)

2.4

(1.8, 3.2)

2.5

(1.8, 3.4)

2.4

(1.7, 3.5)

2.6

(1.9, 3.5)

2.9

(2.0, 4.2)

3.9

(2.6, 6.0)

4.1

(2.6, 6.7)

Employment

        

Employed

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Retired

0.75

(0.6, 0.9)

0.8

(0.5, 1.2)

1.2

(0.9, 1.6)

1.5

(0.9, 2.4)

0.9

(0.6, 1.2)

1.2

(0.8, 2.0)

1.1

(0.7, 1.7)

1.5

(0.8, 2.7)

Unemployed

2.1

(1.6, 2.7)

1.4

(1.0, 1.9)

2.2

(1.6, 3.0)

1.2

(0.8, 1.8)

2.9

(2.1, 4.0)

1.7

(1.2, 2.6)

2.8

(1.9, 4.3)

1.6

(0.9, 2.5)

Female Gender

1.9

(1.5, 2.3)

1.6

(1.2, 2.1)

1.7

(1.3, 2.2)

1.5

(1.0, 2.0)

2.0

(1.5, 2.7)

1.7

(1.2, 2.3)

1.9

(1.2, 2.8)

1.5

(1.0, 2.4)

Water level

        

Not affected

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Outside the house

1.8

(1.4, 2.3)

1.8

(1.3, 2.4)

2.0

(1.3, 3.1)

1.7

(1.1, 2.7)

1.2

(0.8, 1.8)

1.1

(0.7, 1.7)

2.6

(1.4, 4.8)

2.6

(1.4, 4.9)

Below floor level

3.0

(2.0, 4.6)

3.0

(1.9, 4.6)

2.4

(1.3, 4.5)

2.1

(1.1, 4.0)

3.1

(1.8, 5.3)

2.9

(1.6, 5.0)

2.8

(1.1, 7.0)

2.6

(1.0, 6.7)

Above floor level

13.4

(10.0, 17.9)

12.8

(9.3, 17.6)

17.8

(12.2, 26.0)

13.9

(9.3, 20.8)

9.5

(6.7, 13.5)

7.7

(5.2, 11.4)

14.3

(8.2, 24.9)

11.9

(6.6, 21.5)

Area

        

Worcestershire

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

South Yorkshire

3.5

(2.9, 4.3)

1.5

(1.1, 1.9)

4.7

(3.5, 6.3)

1.9

(1.3, 2.8)

5.0

(3.7, 6.7)

1.9

(1.3, 2.8)

3.9

(2.7, 5.8)

1.7

(1.0, 2.8)

Method of data collection

        

Web-based and telephone

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Postal

0.6

(0.5, 0.7)

1.0

(0.7, 1.2)

0.4

(0.3, 0.6)

0.8

(0.6, 1.1)

0.5

(0.4, 0.7)

1.0

(0.7, 1.4)

0.7

(0.5, 1.0)

1.5

(1.0, 2.3)

Face to face interviews

0.2

(0.1, 0.4)

0.4

(0.2, 0.7)

0.3

(0.2, 0.5)

0.9

(0.4, 1.8)

0.1

(0.0, 0.2)

0.2

(0.1, 0.6)

0.3

(0.1, 0.7)

0.9

(0.3, 2.4)

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BMC Public Health

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