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Table 2 The effect of adjusting for self-reported psychological distress on employment status differences in excess mortality.

From: The contribution of psychological distress to socio-economic differences in cause-specific mortality: a population-based follow-up of 28 years

 

Unnatural mortality

 

CHD mortality

 

Employment status

Employed

Unemployed

 

Employed

Unemployed

 

Men

 

HR (95% CI)

(%)

 

HR (95% CI)

(%)

1: confounders*

1

4.12 (3.26-5.21)

 

1

2.06 (1.58-2.68)

 

1+depression

1

3.50 (2.75-4.44)

-20

1

2.00 (1.53-2.59)

-6

1+stress

1

3.78 (2.98-4.79)

-11

1

2.03 (1.56-2.64)

-3

1+insomnia

1

3.45 (2.72-4.36)

-21

1

2.01 (1.55-2.62)

-5

1+all psychological distress variables

1

3.15 (2.47-4.00)

-31

1

1.96 (1.50-2.56)

-9

Women

      

1: confounders*

1

3.50 (2.13-5.75)

 

1

1.91 (1.18-3.11)

 

1+depression

1

3.09 (1.87-5.11)

-16

1

1.83 (1.12-3.00)

-9

1+stress

1

3.22 (1.95-5.32)

-11

1

1.91 (1.18-3.11)

0

1+insomnia

1

3.15 (1.91-5.19)

-14

1

1.88 (1.16-3.07)

-3

1+all psychological distress variables

1

2.86 (1.73-4.73)

-26

1

1.83 (1.12-2.99)

-9

  1. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) and percent reduction (%) in mortality among the unemployed compared to the employed after adjusting for self-reported psychological distress. *The confounders: age, age squared, study year