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Table 1 The effect of adjusting for self-reported psychological distress on educational level differences in excess mortality.

From: The contribution of psychological distress to socio-economic differences in cause-specific mortality: a population-based follow-up of 28 years

 

Unnatural mortality

  

CHD mortality

  

Educational level

High

Intermediate

Low

 

High

Intermediate

Low

 

Men

 

HR (95% CI)

(%)

HR (95% CI)

(%)

 

HR (95% CI)

(%)

HR (95% CI)

(%)

1: confounders*

1

1.43 (1.15-1.77)

 

1.58 (1.28-1.94)

 

1

1.19 (0.98-1.43)

 

1.36 (1.16-1.59)

 

1+depression

1

1.40 (1.13-1.74)

-7

1.53 (1.25-1.89)

-9

1

1.18 (0.98-1.43)

-5

1.36 (1.16-1.59)

0

1+stress

1

1.41 (1.14-1.75)

-5

1.55 (1.26-1.91)

-5

1

1.18 (0.98-1.43)

-5

1.36 (1.16-1.59)

0

1+insomnia

1

1.41 (1.13-1.74)

-5

1.53 (1.24-1.88)

-9

1

1.19 (0.98-1.43)

0

1.36 (1.16-1.59)

0

1+all psychological distress variables

1

1.38 (1.11-1.72)

-11

1.51 (1.23-1.85)

-12

1

1.18 (0.98-1.43)

-5

1.35 (1.15-1.58)

-3

Women

          

1: confounders*

1

1.29 (0.88-1.89)

 

1.16 (0.79-1.69)

 

1

1.54 (1.02-2.31)

 

2.32 (1.62-3.31)

 

1+depression

1

1.28 (0.87-1.87)

-3

1.13 (0.77-1.65)

-19

1

1.52 (1.01-2.28)

-4

2.27 (1.59-3.24)

-4

1+stress

1

1.28 (0.88-1.88)

0

1.13 (0.77-1.65)

-19

1

1.53 (1.02-2.29)

-2

2.29 (1.60-3.27)

-3

1+insomnia

1

1.29 (0.88-1.90)

0

1.14 (0.78-1.67)

-19

1

1.53 (1.02-2.30)

-2

2.30 (1.61-3.28)

-2

1+all psychological distress variables

1

1.27 (0.87-1.86)

-7

1.11 (0.76-1.62)

-31

1

1.51 (1.01-2.27)

-6

2.25 (1.57-3.21)

-5

  1. Hazard ratios (95% CIs) and percent reduction (%) in mortality among those with an intermediate or low education compared to those with a high education after adjusting for psychological distress. *The confounders: age, age squared, study year.