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Table 2 Descriptive data for 'current situation' in relationship variables, and AORs* and 95%CIs for associations with current IPV among ever partnered women

From: What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence

 

BGD rural (n = 926)

BGD urban (n = 1050)

BRA rural (n = 919)

BRA urban (n = 746)

ETH rural (n = 1861)

JPN urban (n = 1075)

NAM urban (n = 1154)

  
 

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

  

Demographics

SES

Low

76

-

72

-

26

-

34

-

84

-

30

-

27

-

  

Medium

20

0.71 (0.49 - 1.0)

22

0.68 (0.48 - 0.96)

64

0.63 (0.40 - 0.99)

40

0.99 (0.54 - 1.8)

14

0.91 (0.66 - 1.3)

23

0.71 (0.33 - 1.5)

26

1.3 (0.81 - 2.0)

  

High

4

0.69 (0.34 - 1.4)

7

0.33 (0.17 - 0.66)

11

0.75 (0.35 - 1.6)

26

0.25 (0.09 - 0.67)

2

0.53 (0.25 - 1.1)

47

0.24 (0.10 - 0.58)

47

0.94 (0.61 - 1.5)

  

Woman's age

35+

35

-

28

-

39

-

46

-

41

-

54

-

36

-

  

20-35 yrs

57

2.1 (1.5 - 3.1)

64

2.7 (1.8 - 4.0)

54

1.7 (1.0 - 2.7)

47

2.4 (1.2 - 4.6)

55

2.4 (1.9 - 3.1)

44

0.78 (0.38 - 1.62)

58

0.93 (0.62 - 1.4)

  

15-19 yrs

8

3.2 (1.7 - 6.2)

9

4.1 (2.2 - 7.7)

8

2.9 (1.2 - 6.7)

6

4.2 (1.3 - 13.1)

4

1.7 (0.97 - 3.1)

2

1.1 (0.09 - 13.6)

6

1.1 (0.47 - 2.4)

  

Age gap with partner (> = 5 yrs)

None

11

-

16

-

52

-

58

-

11

-

75

-

55

-

  

She is > = 5 yrs older

0

--

0.1

--

5

0.89 (0.33 - 2.4)

6

1.3 (0.42 - 3.8)

1

1.1 (0.31 - 3.6)

2

0.65 (0.07 - 6.0)

2

1.2 (0.46 - 3.2)

  

He is > = 5 yrs older

89

0.90 (0.56 - 1.44)

84

0.81 (0.56 - 1.2)

43

0.99 (0.67 - 1.5)

36

0.89 (0.50 - 1.6)

88

1.3 (0.93 - 1.7)

24

0.92 (0.42 - 2.0)

43

0.96 (0.69 - 1.34)

  

Relative education

Same level

64

-

61

-

60

-

61

-

71

-

92

-

54

-

  

He has higher

28

0.74 (0.50 - 1.09)

34

1.1 (0.84 - 1.6)

11

1.6 (0.83 - 2.9)

17

0.73 (0.35 - 1.6)

8

1.0 (0.50 - 2.1)

2

1.6 (0.33 - 8.3)

22

1.2 (0.80 - 1.8)

  

She has higher

7

0.83 (0.58 - 1.19)

5

1.1 (0.74 - 1.7)

19

1.6 (0.97 - 2.7)

18

1.1 (0.53 - 2.1)

2

1.3 (0.82 - 1.9)

6

0.94 (0.25 - 3.6)

12

1.0 (0.63 - 1.7)

  

Missing

-

--

-

--

10

1.5 (0.80 - 2.7)

5

0.1 (0.02 - 0.50)

20

1.4 (1.1 - 1.8)

-

--

13

0.98 (0.58 - 1.6)

  

Relative employment

Both working

18

-

15

-

31

-

56

-

36

-

53

-

48

-

  

Man working

74

0.58 (0.40 - 0.83)

80

0.88 (0.60 - 1.3)

52

0.83 (0.52 - 1.3)

31

1.3 (0.70 - 2.4)

62

0.99 (0.79 - 1.2)

40

1.4 (0.7 - 3.0)

35

1.19 (0.82 - 1.7)

  

Woman working

2

1.0 (0.40 - 2.6)

1

0.72 (0.10 - 5.2)

7

1.0 (0.48 - 2.2)

8

2.8 (1.2 - 6.7)

1

0.75 (0.26 - 2.1)

5

6.0 (1.5 - 23.3)

7

0.83 (0.43 - 1.6)

  

Neither working

6

0.99 (0.52 - 1.9)

4

0.75 (0.33 - 1.7)

10

1.2 (0.63 - 2.4)

5

1.1 (0.36 - 3.3)

1

0.54 (0.20 - 1.5)

2

No cases

10

1.9 (1.1 - 3.2)

  

Attitudes

Reasons for a man to hit partner

None

20

-

47

-

69

-

90

-

8

-

82

-

79

-

  

Any

80

2.5 (1.7 - 3.6)

53

1.9 (1.4 - 2.5)

31

1.5 (1.0 - 2.2)

10

2.8 (1.4 - 5.8)

92

1.6 (1.1 - 2.2)

18

1.7 (0.82 - 3.4)

21

1.4 (0.99 - 2.1)

  

Alcohol use

Heavy drinking

Neither

100

-

99

-

72

-

86

-

85

-

65

-

62

-

  

He

0

--

1

6.5 (1.4 - 30.9)

24

3.1 (2.1 - 4.6)

11

4.3 (2.2 - 8.4)

13

2.1 (1.5 - 3.0)

33

1.8 (0.94 - 3.6)

28

1.8 (1.2 - 2.5)

  

She

0

--

0

--

2

5.1 (1.7 - 15.5)

2

8.1 (2.3 - 28.9)

1

1.3 (0.41 - 4.4)

1

1.6 (0.21 - 12.5)

4

2.3 (1.1 - 4.5)

  

Both

0

--

0

--

2

8.6 (2.8 - 26.7)

1

13.9 (1.9 - 101.0)

1

2.8 (0.79 - 9.9)

1

6.3 (1.0 - 38.0)

6

5.4 (2.9 - 9.9)

  

Non-intimate-partner violence

Victim of sexual abuse (>15 yrs)

No

99.6

-

94

-

96

-

94

-

99.7

-

97

-

95

-

  

Yes

0.4

--

6

1.2 (0.67 - 2.2)

4

2.2 (0.92 - 5.2)

6

2.3 (0.97 - 5.6)

0.3

--

3

7.1 (2.2 - 22.5)

5

7.3 (3.7 - 14.1)

  

Victim of physical abuse (>15 yrs)

No

93

-

86

-

88

-

80

-

96

-

96

-

82

-

  

Yes

7

1.6 (0.93 - 2.8)

14

1.3 (0.86 - 1.9)

12

1.8 (1.1 - 3.1)

20

2.1 (1.1 - 3.9)

4

2.6 (1.4 - 5.0)

4

5.4 (2.0 - 14.4)

18

2.4 (1.6 - 3.4)

  

Partner has fought with other man (past yr)

No

96

-

96

-

92

-

91

-

89

-

97

-

90

-

  

Yes

4

5.7 (2.3 - 14.3)

4

4.5 (1.9 - 10.5)

8

4.1 (2.3 - 7.2)

9

3.2 (1.6 - 6.7)

11

4.2 (2.7 - 6.7)

3

11.3 (3.7 - 34.3)

10

2.5 (1.5 - 4.0)

  

Other relationships

Woman has children from >1 father

1 father (>1 kid)

77

-

63

-

53

-

43

-

78

-

71

-

28

-

  

>1 father

1

2.2 (0.66 - 7.4)

1

4.9 (0.76 - 31.2)

18

1.1 (0.61 - 1.8)

11

2.2 (0.88 - 5.5)

10

0.99 (0.68 - 1.4))

1

--

30

1.4 (0.91 - 2.3)

  

0-1 kids

21

0.59 (0.38 - 0.94)

36

0.92 (0.64 - 1.3)

30

0.85 (0.48 - 1.5)

46

0.98 (0.46 - 2.1)

12

0.98 (0.63 - 1.5)

28

--

42

1.4 (0.85 - 2.3)

  

Partner has had concurrent relationship(s)

No

95

-

94

-

69

-

81

-

73

-

91

-

57

-

  

Yes

3

5.8 (1.6 - 21.7)

3

7.5 (2.4 - 23.1)

25

2.1 (1.4 - 3.1)

13

4.5 (2.3 - 8.8)

27

1.2 (0.97 - 1.6)

3

5.8 (1.7 - 19.8)

23

1.7 (1.2 - 2.4)

  

DK/maybe

3

3.4 (1.3 - 9.2)

3

2.1 (0.85 - 5.1)

6

1.2 (0.52 - 2.6)

6

2.7 (1.0 - 7.0)

0.3

0.52 (0.10 - 2.8)

6

0.63 (0.15 - 2.6)

19

0.97 (0.6 - 1.5)

  

Characteristics of union

Any marriage ceremony

Married

50

-

78

-

48

-

56

-

98

-

87

-

36

-

  

No, living together

50

0.88 (0.66 - 1.2)

22

0.81 (0.57 - 1.1)

48

1.4 (0.89 - 2.1)

30

1.1 (0.57 - 2.1)

2

0.61 (0.30 - 1.3)

0.1

--

29

1.6 (1.1 - 2.5)

  

Not living together

-

--

-

-

5

0.94 (0.34 - 2.6)

15

0.60 (0.20 - 1.8)

0.2

--

13

0.39 (0.08 - 1.8)

35

0.97 (0.62 - 1.5)

  
 

PER rural (n = 1005)

PER urban (n = 736)

SMA (n = 931)

SRB urban (n = 954)

THA rural (n = 772)

THA urban (n = 845)

TZA rural (n = 918)

TZA urban (n = 1166)

 

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

%

AOR (95%CI)

Demographics

SES

Low

47

-

11

-

15

-

18

-

9

-

10

-

86

-

65

-

Medium

34

1.4 (0.97 - 2.0)

22

0.57 (0.29 - 1.1)

50

0.54 (0.35 - 0.84)

44

0.66 (0.25 - 1.74)

49

0.67 (0.37 - 1.2)

25

0.84 (0.45 - 1.6)

10

0.72 (0.42 - 1.2)

23

1.1 (0.76 - 1.6)

High

19

0.61 (0.36 - 1.0)

66

0.56 (0.30 - 1.0)

36

0.34 (0.21 - 0.56)

38

0.41 (0.15 - 1.18)

42

0.45 (0.24 - 0.85)

65

0.74 (0.41 - 1.3)

4

1.1 (0.51 - 2.5)

12

1.3 (0.81 - 2.2)

Woman's age

35+

42

-

42

-

44

-

53

-

59

-

48

-

28

-

31

-

20-35 yrs

54

1.4 (0.94 - 2.0)

52

4.6 (2.6 - 8.0)

53

1.6 (1.1 - 2.4)

44

2.04 (0.82 - 5.1)

38

1.1 (0.74 - 1.6)

49

1.8 (1.2 - 2.6)

63

1.9 (1.2 - 2.9)

60

2.0 (1.3 - 3.0)

15-19 yrs

4

2.4 (1.1 - 5.3)

5

11.8 (4.4 - 31.3)

2

2.9 (1.0 - 8.4)

3

16.2 (2.5 - 104.2)

3

1.7 (0.58 - 5.0)

3

3.1 (1.1 - 8.4)

9

3.4 (1.7 - 6.8)

9

2.0 (0.99 - 3.9)

Age gap with partner (> = 5 yrs)

None

61

-

58

-

54

-

66

-

64

-

59

-

38

-

33

-

She is > = 5 yrs older

2

0.84 (0.26 - 2.8)

4

1.8 (0.67 - 5.0)

4

1.9 (0.84 - 4.1)

1

13.3 (1.5 - 115.5)

3

1.2 (0.46 - 3.1)

3

0.47 (0.14 - 1.6)

0.3

--

0.1

--

He is > = 5 yrs older

37

1.2 (0.87 - 1.7)

39

0.74 (0.48 - 1.1)

42

0.88 (0.64 - 1.2)

33

2.0 (0.91 - 4.4)

33

0.87 (0.59 - 1.3)

38

1.0 (0.69 - 1.4)

61

0.75 (0.55 - 1.0)

67

0.82 (0.60 - 1.1)

Relative education

Same level

54

-

75

-

49

-

90

-

62

-

61

-

65

-

60

-

He has higher

38

1.0 (0.87 - 1.7)

18

1.4 (0.84 - 2.5)

14

0.92 (0.58 - 1.5)

4

4.6 (1.4 - 15.5)

18

1.3 (0.75 - 2.1)

20

1.4 (0.92 - 2.2)

23

1.5 (0.94 - 2.4)

25

0.77 (0.50 - 1.2)

She has higher

5

1.2 (0.81 - 1.9)

5

1.7 (0.82 - 3.4)

8

0.86 (0.45 - 1.7)

3

6.5 (1.5 - 27.1)

11

1.0 (0.62 - 1.7)

10

1.1 (0.62 - 1.9)

9

1.1 (0.74 - 1.6)

7

0.73 (0.48 - 1.1)

Missing

3

3.4 (1.3 - 9.3)

2

6.3 (1.8 - 22.7)

28

1.1 (0.74 - 1.6)

3

4.0 (1.0 - 15.3)

9

1.5 (0.80 - 2.8)

10

0.72 (0.37 - 1.4)

3

1.1 (0.43 - 2.9)

8

1.0 (0.55 - 2.0)

Relative employment

Both working

51

-

59

-

43

-

-

--

75

-

70

-

61

-

40

-

Man working

37

1.1 (0.79 - 1.5)

26

0.79 (0.49 - 1.3)

43

0.89 (0.63 - 1.3)

-

--

17

0.88 (0.55 - 1.4)

23

0.65 (0.41 - 1.0)

33

1.1 (0.80 - 1.5)

46

0.91 (0.66 - 1.2)

Woman working

8

1.1 (0.63 - 2.0)

11

1.8 (0.99 - 3.4)

7

0.71 (0.35 - 1.4)

-

--

6

0.83 (0.39 - 1.8)

5

1.5 (0.74 - 3.2)

3

1.4 (0.55 - 3.6)

6

1.0 (0.55 - 2.0)

Neither working

3

2.2 (0.89 - 5.3)

4

1.2 (0.38 - 3.5)

7

1.2 (0.62 - 2.2)

-

--

3

2.0 (0.72 - 5.7)

2

6.4 (1.9 - 21.5)

3

0.92 (0.38 - 2.2)

8

0.72 (0.39 - 1.3)

Attitudes

Reasons for a man to hit partner

None

19

-

67

-

28

-

95

-

29

-

52

-

33

-

37

-

Any

81

1.5 (0.94 - 2.3)

33

1.4 (0.92 - 2.1)

72

1.5 (1.0 - 2.1)

5

1.3 (0.32 - 5.0)

71

0.95 (0.64 - 1.4)

48

0.95 (0.67 - 1.3)

67

1.8 (1.3 - 2.5)

63

1.9 (1.3 - 2.6)

Alcohol use

Heavy drinking

Neither

51

-

70

-

67

-

94

-

64

-

73

-

78

-

78

-

He

31

3.3 (2.3 - 4.6)

19

2.5 (1.5 - 4.1)

32

1.5 (1.1 - 2.1)

6

8.6 (3.5 - 21.3)

26

2.7 (1.9 - 4.0)

21

2.1 (1.4 - 3.1)

18

3.4 (2.3 - 5.1)

19

2.5 (1.8 - 3.6)

She

7

2.1 (1.1 - 3.7)

8

1.0 (0.48 - 2.1)

0.3

--

0.2

--

5

2.6 (1.3 - 5.4)

3

1.1 (0.40 - 2.9)

2

1.3 (0.44 - 4.1)

2

1.6 (0.56 - 4.8)

Both

12

11.8 (6.1 - 22.8)

4

1.1 (0.42 - 3.0)

0.3

--

0

--

5

6.0 (2.8 - 13.0)

3

2.6 (0.98 - 6.6)

2

4.3 (1.6 - 11.6)

1

2.9 (0.97 - 8.7)

Non-intimate-partner violence

Victim of sexual abuse (>15 yrs)

No

89

-

89

-

91

-

98

-

98

-

94

-

92

-

91

-

Yes

11

2.6 (1.5 - 4.5)

11

2.1 (1.2 - 3.9)

9

1.2 (0.69 - 2.0)

2

0.26 (0.03 - 2.6)

2

1.3 (0.41 - 4.3)

6

2.6 (1.3 - 5.3)

8

1.4 (0.78 - 2.4)

9

2.8 (1.7- 4.5)

Victim of physical abuse (>15 yrs)

No

68

-

72

-

41

-

92

-

91

-

93

-

86

-

83

-

Yes

32

2.0 (1.4 - 2.7)

28

2.3 (1.5 - 3.5)

59

1.2 (0.85 - 1.6)

8

3.1 (1.1 - 8.6)

9

1.9 (1.1 - 3.4)

7

3.0 (1.6 - 5.5)

14

1.3 (0.82 - 1.9)

17

0.93 (0.63 - 1.4)

Partner has fought with other man (past yr)

No

78

-

91

-

82

-

88

-

86

-

88

-

95

-

95

-

Yes

22

2.3 (1.5 - 3.6)

9

2.5 (1.3 - 4.7)

18

3.7 (2.5 - 5.4)

12

4.6 (2.0 - 10.6)

14

2.6 (1.6 - 4.1)

12

3.6 (2.2 - 5.8)

5

1.9 (0.84 - 4.2)

5

1.7 (0.89 - 3.2)

Other relationships

Woman has children from >1 father

1 father (>1 kid)

69

-

49

-

70

-

42

-

55

-

47

-

61

-

45

-

>1 father

8

2.2 (1.1 - 4.8)

9

2.2 (0.99 - 5.1)

11

2.1 (1.2 - 3.6)

2

3.6 (0.30 - 41.6)

7

0.89 (0.41 - 1.9)

5

1.5 (0.64 - 3.3)

14

1.5 (0.91 - 2.4)

16

1.4 (0.90 - 2.2)

0-1 kids

23

0.89 (0.55 - 1.4)

41

0.83 (0.47 - 1.5)

19

1.6 (0.94 - 2.6)

56

1.5 (0.53 - 4.2)

38

1.4 (0.89 - 2.1)

48

0.96 (0.62 - 1.5)

25

0.81 (0.51 - 1.3)

40

0.65 (0.42 - 1.0)

Partner has had concurrent relationship(s)

No

67

-

69

-

81

-

87

-

72

-

66

-

61

-

53

-

Yes

20

4.0 (2.6 - 6.2)

17

5.2 (3.1 - 8.7)

17

2.0 (1.3 - 3.0)

4

6.6 (2.0 - 21.7)

19

2.4 (1.6 - 3.7)

17

2.1 (1.4 - 3.3)

21

3.1 (2.1 - 4.5)

16

2.9 (1.9 - 4.2)

DK/maybe

13

2.4 (1.5 - 3.9)

13

2.7 (1.5 - 4.6)

2

--

8

2.3 (0.75 - 6.8)

9

3.4 (1.9 - 6.0)

16

1.4 (0.86 - 2.2)

18

2.1 (1.5 - 3.2)

31

1.3 (0.91 - 1.8)

Characteristics of union

Any marriage ceremony

Married

59

-

53

-

74

-

69

-

89

-

82

-

57

-

61

-

No, living together

36

1.2 (0.81 - 1.7)

27

1.1 (0.65 - 1.7)

26

2.5 (0.93 - 6.5)

11

3.1 (1.1 - 8.6)

10

1.6 (0.90 - 2.7)

17

0.84 (0.53 - 1.3)

37

1.2 (0.84 - 1.6)

24

1.8 (1.3 - 2.6)

Not living together

6

0.75 (0.34 - 1.7)

20

0.52 (0.26 - 1.0)

0

--

20

0.34 (0.07 - 1.7)

1

--

1

--

6

0.39 (0.17 - 0.88)

15

0.67 (0.40 - 1.1)

  1. *Adjusted for all variables in Table, and parity
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BMC Public Health

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