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Table 3 Differences in hepatitis B knowledge scores among health professionals in China

From: Hepatitis B and liver cancer knowledge and practices among healthcare and public health professionals in China: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Unadjusted difference

95% Confidence Interval

p-value

Sex

   

   Male

0.0

reference

 

   Female

0.2

(-0.4, 0.7)

0.57

Region of residence

   

   Eastern

0.0

reference

 

   Central

0.3

(-0.3, 1.0)

0.29

   Western

-0.8

(-1.5, -0.2)

0.01

Rural/urban status of residence

   

   Rural

-1.8

(-2.4, -1.1)

<0.001

   Urban

0.0

reference

 

Population of town/city of residence

   

   <10,000

-1.5

(-2.5, -0.5)

0.005

   10,000-500,000

-0.5

(-1.0, 0.1)

0.12

   500,000-1 million

-0.2

(-0.9, 0.5)

0.57

   >1 million

0.0

reference

 

Education level

   

   Elementary

0.7

(-3.2, 4.7)

0.71

   Middle school

-0.3

(-4.2, 3.7)

0.90

   High school

-1.8

(-2.7, -0.8)

<0.001

   Vocational

-1.3

(-2.1, -0.5)

0.002

   University/college

0.0

reference

 

   Graduate/professional degree

-0.3

(-1.4, 0.7)

0.56

Occupation

   

   Physician

0.0

reference

 

   Nurse or midwife

-5.0

(-6.8, -3.2)

<0.001

   Elementary school teacher/admin

-3.2

(-7.2, 0.7)

0.11

   Social worker

-0.3

(-1.5, 0.9)

0.62

   Government public health worker

-0.2

(-1.0, 0.5)

0.57

   Local public health worker

-0.2

(-0.8, 0.4)

0.51

   Hospital administrator

-0.4

(-1.6, 0.7)

0.45

Family history of chronic hepatitis B

   

   Yes

0.0

(-0.6, 0.6)

0.92

   No

0.0

reference

 

Family history of liver cancer

   

   Yes

-0.6

(-1.5, 0.4)

0.25

   No

0.0

reference

 

Ever been tested for HBV

   

   Yes

1.9

(-0.7, 3.0)

0.002

   No

0.0

reference

 

Vaccinated against HBV

   

   Yes

0.5

(-0.2, 1.1)

0.19

   No

0.0

reference

 

Children vaccinated against HBV

   

   Yes

1.1

(-0.2, 2.5)

0.09

   No

0.0

reference

 

Ever heard of the Jade Ribbon Campaign

  

   Yes

0.0

(-0.6, 0.5)

0.92

   No

0.0

reference

 

Hepatitis B health practices

   

If someone tests positive for HBV, do you report the results to the ...?

   Only to the patient (± health department)

0.0

reference

 

   To the patient and the patient's school or employer

-0.5

(-1.1, 0.1)

0.08

   Only to the patient's school or employer

-1.9

(-2.6, -1.2)

<0.001

Does your city/village restrict HBV-infected individuals from working for the government?

   Yes

0.7

(-0.2, 1.7)

0.11

   No

0.0

reference

 

Does your city/village restrict HBV-infected individuals from attending schools?

   Yes

0.5

(-0.2, 1.2)

0.19

   No

0.0

reference

 

Does your city/village require HBV-infected individuals to have separate eating utensils/plates?

   Yes

0.0

(-0.8, 0.8)

0.97

   No

0.0

reference

 

Does your city/village restrict HBV-infected individuals from working in healthcare?

   Yes

0.2

(-0.5, 0.9)

0.56

   No

0.0

reference

 

What population groups receive free hepatitis B vaccines in your city/village?

   Vaccines are free for newborns (± other groups)

0.0

reference

 

   Vaccines are free for health workers only

-1.6

(-3.4, 0.3)

0.10

   Vaccines are only for purchase

0.3

(-0.7, 1.2)

0.61

   Vaccines are not available

-3.5

(-6.4, -0.6)

0.02

What do hospitals do with used needles in your city/village?

   Single use and destroy on site

0.0

reference

 

   Single use but collected by supplier for disposal

0.9

(-0.1, 1.9)

0.07

   Disinfect and reuse

-3.2

(-4.8, -1.5)

<0.001

   Don't know

0.5

(-0.2, 1.2)

0.26

What forms of HBV educational material do you utilize in your workplace?

   Posters

0.3

(-0.5, 1.1)

0.42

   Printed information

0.4

(-0.3, 1.2)

0.28

   Posters and printed information

0.5

(-0.3, 1.3)

0.22

   None

0.0

reference

 
 

Adjusted difference*

95% Confidence Interval

p-value

 

0.0

reference

 
 

-0.1

(-0.5, 0.4)

0.84

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.0

(-0.6, 0.6)

0.99

 

-0.3

(-0.9, 0.3)

0.28

 

-1.0

(-1.6, -0.3)

0.004

 

0.0

reference

 
 

-0.5

(-1.5, 0.5)

0.32

 

-0.1

(-0.7, 0.4)

0.67

 

-0.1

(-0.7, 0.5)

0.79

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.3

(-3.1, 3.8)

0.85

 

-0.6

(-4.0, 2.9)

0.75

 

-1.2

(-2.1, -0.3)

0.008

 

-1.3

(-2.0, -0.5)

<0.001

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.1

(-0.9, 1.1)

0.84

 

0.0

reference

 
 

-2.4

(-4.3, -0.5)

0.01

 

-3.9

(-7.4, -0.4)

0.03

 

0.0

(-1.1, 1.1)

0.99

 

0.3

(-0.4, 1.0)

0.42

 

-0.1

(-0.7, 0.5)

0.77

 

-0.2

(-1.3, 0.9)

0.73

 

0.0

(-0.5, 0.5)

0.93

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.0

(-0.9, 0.9)

0.96

 

0.0

reference

 
 

1.2

(0.1, 2.3)

0.03

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.5

(-0.2, 1.1)

0.15

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.3

(-0.9, 1.6)

0.62

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.0

(-0.4, 0.5)

0.84

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.0

reference

 
 

-0.2

(-0.8, 0.3)

0.37

 

-1.5

(-2.1, -0.9)

<0.001

 

0.2

(-0.6, 1.1)

0.59

 

0.0

reference

 
 

0.5

(-0.1, 1.2)

0.09

 

0.0

reference

 
  1. *Adjusted for urban/rural status of residence, education level, occupation, HBV testing practices, HBV test notification practices, and availability of free vaccines
  2. HBV: hepatitis B virus
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