Table 3 Odds ratiosa and 95% confidence intervals for associations between physician visits or hospitalizations for intestinal infectious diseases and socio-demographic, temporal, and environmental variables.
| Physician Visits | Hospitalizations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Wald 95% Confidence Limits |
Wald 95% Confidence Limits | |||||
| Variable & Category |
Odds Ratio | Lower | Upper |
Odds Ratio | Lower | Upper |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1.08 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 1.18 | 0.88 | 1.58 |
| Male | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Age | ||||||
| < 1 | 5.22 | 4.26 | 6.40 | 2.75 | 0.60 | 12.6 |
| 1 - 4 | 4.83 | 4.32 | 5.39 | 6.54 | 3.64 | 11.8 |
| 5 - 9 | 1.81 | 1.61 | 2.04 | 1.33 | 0.69 | 2.58 |
| 10 - 19 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.90 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 1.07 |
| 20 - 29 | 1.31 | 1.17 | 1.47 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.64 |
| 30 - 39 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.40 |
| 40 - 49 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 0.78 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.51 |
| 50 - 59 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.72 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.56 |
| 60 - 69 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.80 | 0.62 | 0.27 | 1.42 |
| ≥ 70 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Season | ||||||
| Spring | 1.08 | 1.01 | 1.15 | 1.45 | 1.01 | 2.07 |
| Summer | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.95 | 0.55 | 0.35 | 0.87 |
| Fall | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.83 | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.81 |
| Winter | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Duration of Residence in the Township | ||||||
| < 1 year | 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.30 | 1.04 | 0.46 | 2.35 |
| 1 - 2 years | 0.98 | 0.88 | 1.09 | 0.89 | 0.40 | 1.95 |
| 2 - 3 years | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.91 | 0.73 | 0.30 | 1.78 |
| 3 - 6 years | 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.82 | 0.62 | 0.26 | 1.49 |
| ≥ 6 years | 0.69 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.55 | 0.20 | 1.57 |
| Unknown | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Household income quintile of the neighborhood | ||||||
| Low | 1.18 | 1.03 | 1.34 | 1.17 | 0.58 | 2.37 |
| Medium Low | 1.19 | 1.07 | 1.32 | 0.91 | 0.49 | 1.69 |
| Medium | 1.06 | 0.98 | 1.15 | 0.85 | 0.51 | 1.42 |
| Medium High | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.89 | 0.57 | 1.39 |
| High | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Drinking Water Disinfection | ||||||
| Chlorination | 0.92 | 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.53 | 1.48 |
| None | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Water System or Subsystem | ||||||
| Municipal A: mixed surface (66-96%) & well | 1.57 | 1.39 | 1.78 | 0.54 | 0.24 | 1.20 |
| Municipal B: mixed surface (66-96%) & well | 1.45 | 1.28 | 1.64 | 0.66 | 0.29 | 1.52 |
| Municipal C: mixed surface (12-63%) & well | 1.01 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 0.71 | 0.36 | 1.40 |
| Municipal D: well, with surface water added in emergencies & summer | 1.00 | 0.87 | 1.15 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 1.87 |
| Municipal E: well, with surface water added in emergencies & summer | 0.89 | 0.69 | 1.15 | 1.35 | 0.45 | 4.03 |
| Municipal F: well, large systems | 0.96 | 0.85 | 1.08 | 0.93 | 0.45 | 1.94 |
| Municipal G: well, small systems | 0.51 | 0.27 | 0.99 | 0 | 0 | > 999 |
| Community well | 1.04 | 0.83 | 1.30 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 2.49 |
| Private well | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Sewage Disposal | ||||||
| Municipal sewer | 1.26 | 1.14 | 1.38 | 1.42 | 0.77 | 2.62 |
| Private sewage system | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
| Land Use | ||||||
| Agricultural | 1.06 | 0.95 | 1.19 | 0.95 | 0.51 | 1.80 |
| Residential | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
