Table 3 Means and prevalences (%) of sociodemographic characteristics, life-style factors, early life factors, and economic and psychosocial factors, by presence of parental and child overweight in 4-year old children in Malmö, Sweden.
From: Early life factors and being overweight at 4 years of age among children in Malmö, Sweden
Both parents normal-weight | At least one parent overweight* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Child overweight† | Child overweight† | |||
No | Yes | No | Yes | |
Sociodemographic factors | ||||
Male sex (%) | 50.8 | 44.7 | 52.3 | 44.7ठ|
Both parents born outside Sweden (%) | 19.2 | 15.7 | 31.3‡ | 29.5‡ |
Mother low education (%) | 7.4 | 7.1 | 13.5‡ | 12.5‡ |
Firstborn (%) | 50.6 | 46.7 | 43.8‡ | 45.1‡ |
No day care (%) | 3.8 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 3.6 |
Mother's weight | 60.2 | 61.0 | 71.4‡ | 73.8‡ |
Father's weight | 74.3 | 75.9 | 89.6‡ | 89.9‡ |
Crowded living (%) | 6.7 | 7.9 | 11.8‡ | 10.5‡ |
Not taken part of parental education (%) | 42.7 | 48.4 | 48.0‡ | 50.2‡ |
Life style factors | ||||
Child having a daily intake of sweetened beverages (%) | 7.9 | 8.3 | 12.0‡ | 12.7‡ |
Secondhand tobacco smoke at 4 years of age (%) | 16.5 | 24.4‡ | 23.9‡ | 25.9‡ |
Early life factors | ||||
Mother smoking during pregnancy (%) | 6.7 | 5.7 | 10.2‡ | 15.5‡§ |
Secondhand tobacco smoke at 0-4 weeks (%) | 16.2 | 21.2 | 23.4‡ | 27.2‡§ |
Secondhand tobacco smoke at 8 months (%) | 18.5 | 22.3 | 26.2‡ | 29.7‡ |
High birth weight (%) | 15.0 | 17.6 | 17.2‡ | 25.5‡§ |
Not breastfed (%) | 2.7 | 3.2 | 4.3‡ | 6.1‡§ |
Economic and psychosocial factors (%) | ||||
Parental low emotional support (%) | 16.5 | 15.9 | 21.4‡ | 22.5‡ |
Parental low practical support (%) | 29.0 | 27.1 | 28.3 | 28.9 |
Parental economic stress (%) | 4.2 | 5.1 | 6.2‡ | 8.1‡ |