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Table 1 Prevalence (%) of sociodemographic characteristics, life-style factors, early life factors, economic and psychosocial factors among normal-weight, overweight and obese 4-year old children in Malmö, Sweden.

From: Early life factors and being overweight at 4 years of age among children in Malmö, Sweden

 

Child normal weight

Child overweight*†

Child obese†

 

(n = 7349; 85%)

(n = 1272; 15%)

(n = 264; 3%)

Sociodemographic factors

   

   Male sex (%)

51.2

44.8‡

46.2‡

   Both parents born outside Sweden (%)

28.7

28.8

34.2‡

   Mother low education (%)

13.2

13.8

19.9‡

   Father low education (%)

14.3

15.6

22.1‡

   Firstborn (%)

46.1

44.8

41.9

   No day care (%)

4.6

4.1

7.5

   Crowded living (%)

10.8

11.1

15.5‡

   Not taken part of parental education (%)

47.4

49.7

54.4‡

Parental overweight

   

   Mother overweight (%)

27.3

37.6‡

49.3‡

   Father overweight (%)

52.1

69.3‡

73.7‡

   Both parents overweight (%)

17.0

29.1‡

40.0‡

Life style factors

   

   Child's intake of sweetened beverages (%)

10.5

12.0

12.7

   Secondhand tobacco smoke at 4 years of age (%)

22.6

26.4‡

32.6‡

Early life factors

   

   Mother smoking during pregnancy (%)

9.6

13.6‡

20.0‡

   Secondhand tobacco smoke at 0-4 weeks (%)

22.3

26.1‡

33.6‡

   Secondhand tobacco smoke at 8 months (%)

24.8

28.2‡

37.0‡

   High birth weight (>4000 g) (%)

15.8

24.0‡

25.6‡

   Not breastfed (%)

3.9

5.0

6.5‡

Economic and psychosocial factors (%)

   

   Parental low emotional support (%)

21.1

22.3

26.3

   Parental low practical support (%)

29.8

29.5

28.9

   Parental economic stress (%)

6.1

8.0‡

9.6‡

  1. * Also including obese children.
  2. † Child overweight was defined as iso-BMI > 17.55 (boys) and 17.28 (girls); child obesity as iso-BMI > 19.29 (boys) and 19.15 (girls). ‡ Statistically significantly (p < 0.05) different compared to normal-weight children, after adjustment for year and sex.