Table 2 Association between factors of the mother, the household and the health system and neonatal mortality (bivariate analysis) in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam.
Cases (n) | Referents (n) | Crude odds ratio | Confidence interval (95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic determinants | ||||
Maternal ethnicity | ||||
Kinh | 371 | 68 | Ref | |
Minority | 228 | 115 | 2.75 | 1.94 - 3.91 |
Maternal education | ||||
Tertiary school or higher | 40 | 207 | Ref | |
Secondary school | 39 | 151 | 1.33 | 0.82 - 2.18 |
Primary school | 37 | 134 | 1.43 | 0.87 - 2.35 |
No schooling | 65 | 106 | 3.17 | 1.97 - 5.09 |
Household economy | ||||
5th quintile (rich) | 12 | 120 | Ref | |
4th quintile | 22 | 120 | 1.83 | 0.86 - 3.89 |
3rd quintile | 23 | 113 | 2.04 | 0.96 - 4.31 |
2nd quintile | 60 | 124 | 4.84 | 2.41 - 9.71 |
1st quintile (poor) | 66 | 122 | 5.41 | 2.69 - 10.9 |
Proximate determinants | ||||
Distance to closest health facility | ||||
1st quintile (<401 m) | 30 | 119 | Ref | |
2nd quintile (402 - 740 m) | 26 | 120 | 1.28 | 0.68 - 2.44 |
3rd quintile (741 - 1256 m) | 32 | 119 | 1.60 | 0.86 - 2.97 |
4th quintile (1257 - 2232 m) | 48 | 120 | 2.38 | 1.32 - 4.29 |
5th quintile (>2233 m) | 54 | 119 | 2.70 | 1.50 - 4.85 |
Close (1st to 3rd quintile) | 78 | 358 | Ref | |
Remote (4th to 5th quintile) | 102 | 239 | 1.96 | 1.39 - 2.75 |
Antenatal care visits | ||||
Yes | 113 | 507 | Ref | |
No | 70 | 91 | 3.45 | 2.35 - 5.07 |
Place of delivery | ||||
Regional hospital | 37 | 152 | Ref | |
District hospital | 75 | 277 | 1.11 | 0.72 - 1.73 |
CHC | 13 | 90 | 0.59 | 0.29 - 1.18 |
Home | 58 | 80 | 2.98 | 1.79 - 4.96 |
Facility delivery | 80 | 519 | Ref | |
Home delivery | 58 | 125 | 3.01 | 2.02 - 4.49 |