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Table 3 Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of tobacco use by measures of adolescents' individual social position, statistically significant odds ratios in bold.

From: Do socioeconomic differences in tobacco use exist also in developing countries? A study of Ghanaian adolescents

Indicator of individual social position

Tawa use

Smoking

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

School performance

 

*

*

 

*

*

Above average

1.0

  

1.0

  

Average

0.4 (0.1-1.3)

P = 0.149

  

0.6 (0.2-1.4)

P = 0.244

  

Below average

0.6 (0.4-1.2)

P = 0.151

  

0.7 (0.4-1.2)

P = 0.202

  

Plans after graduation

      

Continue school

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Not continue school

3.7 (2.0-6.7)

P < 0.001

3.2 (1.7-6.3)

P < 0.001

2.7 (1.3-5.6)

P < 0.001

4.0 (2.5-7.0)

P < 0.001

3.6 (1.6-6.8)

P < 0.001

3.4 (1.6-6.8)

P < 0.001

  1. Model 1 = socioeconomic measure + age + gender (bivariate).
  2. Model 2 = age + gender + material affluence scale + family structure + father's education.
  3. Model 3 = age + gender + material affluence scale + family structure + father's education + paternal smoking +maternal smoking.
  4. * Not included in the analysis.