Factors associated with dental visit and barriers to utilisation of oral health care services in a sample of antenatal mothers in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Table 4 Factors associated with dental visit among mothers by simple logistic regression analysis

Variables	Crude OR	95% CI	LR χ²(df)^a	p value^a
Age (years)
≤35	1.00	--	0.593 (1)	0.444
>35	1.40	0.59-3.32
Ethnic group
Malay	1.00	--	0.891 (1)	0.345
Others	0.39	0.05-3.37
Highest educational level
Secondary	1.00	--	4.078 (2)	0.130
Post-secondary/Diploma	0.08	0.14-1.12	3.010 (1)^b	0.083^b
Tertiary	0.84	0.44-2.76	0.041 (1)^b	0.839^b
Household income (Malaysian Ringgit)
<3000	1.00	--	0.339 (2)	0.844
3001-5000	1.15	0.44-3.00	0.080 (1)^b	0.778^b
>5000	0.73	0.19-2.89	0.199 (1)^b	0.656^b
Employment status
No	1.00	--	0.007 (1)	0.936
Yes	1.03	0.46-2.35
Period of gestation (weeks)
28-32	1.00	--	0.437 (2)	0.804
33-37	0.85	0.35-2.07	0.133 (1)^b	0.715^b
>37	1.20	0.44-3.27	0.127 (1)^b	0.721^b
Gravida status
Primigravida	1.00	--	0.003 (1)	0.954
Multigravida	0.98	0.41-2.32
Oral health status
Fair	1.00	--	0.701 (1)	0.400
Very good/good	0.70	0.31-1.60
Self-reported oral health problem
None	1.00	--	2.390 (2)	0.303
One problem	1.58	0.61-4.09	0.873 (1)^b	0.350^b
Two or more problems	2.10	0.80-5.46	2.289 (1)^b	0.130^b
Oral health education received before the current pregnancy
No	1.00	--	14.334 (1)	<0.001
Yes	5.03	2.15-11.76
Aware of relationship between maternal oral health and pregnancy outcomes
No	1.00	--	11.271 (1)	0.002
Yes	4.57	1.73-12.05
Aware of free dental services in government clinics
No	1.00	--	3.150 (1)	0.082
Yes	2.08	0.91-4.73
Distance to nearest dental clinic (km)
≤5	1.00	--	1.749 (1)	0.184
>5	1.71	0.77-3.80
Accessibility to the nearest dental clinic
Difficult	1.00	--	0.104 (2)	0.950
Easy	1.22	0.23-6.44	0.054 (1)^b	0.816^b
Very easy	1.33	0.22-8.10	0.098 (1)^b	0.755^b

ISSN: 1471-2458