|
Age (years)
| | | | |
|
≤35
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.593 (1)
|
0.444
|
|
>35
|
1.40
|
0.59-3.32
| | |
|
Ethnic group
| | | | |
|
Malay
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.891 (1)
|
0.345
|
|
Others
|
0.39
|
0.05-3.37
| | |
|
Highest educational level
| | | | |
|
Secondary
|
1.00
|
--
|
4.078 (2)
|
0.130
|
|
Post-secondary/Diploma
|
0.08
|
0.14-1.12
|
3.010 (1)b
|
0.083b
|
|
Tertiary
|
0.84
|
0.44-2.76
|
0.041 (1)b
|
0.839b
|
|
Household income (Malaysian Ringgit)
| | | | |
|
<3000
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.339 (2)
|
0.844
|
|
3001-5000
|
1.15
|
0.44-3.00
|
0.080 (1)b
|
0.778b
|
|
>5000
|
0.73
|
0.19-2.89
|
0.199 (1)b
|
0.656b
|
|
Employment status
| | | | |
|
No
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.007 (1)
|
0.936
|
|
Yes
|
1.03
|
0.46-2.35
| | |
|
Period of gestation (weeks)
| | | | |
|
28-32
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.437 (2)
|
0.804
|
|
33-37
|
0.85
|
0.35-2.07
|
0.133 (1)b
|
0.715b
|
|
>37
|
1.20
|
0.44-3.27
|
0.127 (1)b
|
0.721b
|
|
Gravida status
| | | | |
|
Primigravida
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.003 (1)
|
0.954
|
|
Multigravida
|
0.98
|
0.41-2.32
| | |
|
Oral health status
| | | | |
|
Fair
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.701 (1)
|
0.400
|
|
Very good/good
|
0.70
|
0.31-1.60
| | |
|
Self-reported oral health problem
| | | | |
|
None
|
1.00
|
--
|
2.390 (2)
|
0.303
|
|
One problem
|
1.58
|
0.61-4.09
|
0.873 (1)b
|
0.350b
|
|
Two or more problems
|
2.10
|
0.80-5.46
|
2.289 (1)b
|
0.130b
|
|
Oral health education received before the current pregnancy
| | | | |
|
No
|
1.00
|
--
|
14.334 (1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Yes
|
5.03
|
2.15-11.76
| | |
|
Aware of relationship between maternal oral health and pregnancy outcomes
| | | | |
|
No
|
1.00
|
--
|
11.271 (1)
|
0.002
|
|
Yes
|
4.57
|
1.73-12.05
| | |
|
Aware of free dental services in government clinics
| | | | |
|
No
|
1.00
|
--
|
3.150 (1)
|
0.082
|
|
Yes
|
2.08
|
0.91-4.73
| | |
|
Distance to nearest dental clinic (km)
| | | | |
|
≤5
|
1.00
|
--
|
1.749 (1)
|
0.184
|
|
>5
|
1.71
|
0.77-3.80
| | |
|
Accessibility to the nearest dental clinic
| | | | |
|
Difficult
|
1.00
|
--
|
0.104 (2)
|
0.950
|
|
Easy
|
1.22
|
0.23-6.44
|
0.054 (1)b
|
0.816b
|
|
Very easy
|
1.33
|
0.22-8.10
|
0.098 (1)b
|
0.755b
|
