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Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to alcohol consumption categories

From: Associations of alcohol consumption with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glycemia among middle-aged and elderly Chinese

 

Men

Women

 

Abstainers

0.1-19.9 g/d

20.0-39.9 g/d

≥40.0 g/d

P value

Abstainers

≥0.1 g/d

P value

Participants, n (%)

688(47.9)

386(26.9)

142(9.9)

219(15.3)

 

1635(90.2)

177(9.8)

 

Age, y

59.4 (6.0)

58.1 (5.9)

58.1 (5.7)

58.0 (5.8)

0.60

58.5 (6.06)

58.0 (6.14)

0.28

BMI, kg/m2

24.0 (3.6)

24.6 (3.0)

24.0 (3.3)

23.6 (3.1)

0.0029

24.7 (3.7)

25.3 (3.9)

0.05

Waistline, cm

85.0 (11.1)

87.2 (9.3)

85.6 (10.3)

84.7 (10.1)

0.01

82.1 (10.4)

83.0 (10.2)

0.31

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

141.2 (23.0)

142.1 (22.8)

143.2 (23.0)

146.2 (23.4)

0.04

143.6 (25.5)

140.7 (24.8)

0.15

Alcohol intake, g/d

NA

5.2 (2.1,10.3)

29.4 (23.9,31.8)

68.4 (51.6,87.7)

< 0.0001

NA

1.9(0.9,6.9)

NA

Alcohol from liquor, g/d

NA

3.0 (0.9,5.3)

15.4(11.7,19.1)

59.8 (56.8, 62.8)

< 0.0001

NA

2.6 (2.3,3.6)

NA

Alcohol from beer, g/d

NA

2.4 (0.3,4.5)

9.0 (5.6,12.4)

19.1 (16.4,21.8)

< 0.0001

NA

3.4 (2.9,3.8)

NA

Alcohol from wine, g/d

NA

1.4 (3.4)

4.4 (9.2)

6.0 (15.5)

NA

1.9 (10.0)

1.3 (0.8,1.7)

NA

Drinking frequency, %

    

< 0.0001

  

NA

< 1 day/wk

NA

40.7

4.2

0.9

 

NA

53.1

 

1-4 day/wk

NA

29.5

21.1

9.1

 

NA

22.6

 

5-7 day/wk

NA

29.8

74.7

90.0

 

NA

24.3

 

Drinking pattern, %

    

< 0.0001

  

NA

Liquor drinkers

NA

43.0

56.3

75.3

 

NA

22.6

 

Non-liquor drinkers

NA

57.0

43.7

24.7

 

NA

77.4

 

North residence, %

38.8

66.8

56.3

55.7

< 0.0001

45.9

78.0

< 0.0001

Rural, %

51.7

40.2

52.8

67.1

< 0.0001

51.0

34.5

< 0.0001

Education >9 years, %

29.5

36.0

24.7

15.5

< 0.0001

18.4

20.9

0.41

High physical activity level, %

49.7

56.5

66.2

65.3

< 0.0001

47.0

46.3

0.67

Family income, %

    

< 0.0001

  

0.0002

< 20,000 rmb/y

30.3

21.5

26.8

38.6

 

27.7

16.4

 

20,000-39,999 rmb/y

58.4

61.4

62.7

54.5

 

61.4

64.4

 

≥40,000 rmb/y

11.3

17.1

10.5

6.8

 

10.9

19.2

 

Current smoker, %

44.6

56.2

69.0

81.7

< 0.0001

4.3

15.8

< 0.0001

Family history of CVD or diabetes, %

28.8

40.4

23.2

25.1

< 0.0001

30.8

40.7

0.0075

Nutrients *

        

Energy, kcal/day

2553 (855)

2622 (833)

2856 (796)

3297 (1018)

< 0.0001

2018 (566)

2212 (655)

< 0.0001

Energy without alcohol, kcal/day

2553(855)

2576(829)

2663(798)

2714(892)

0.07

2018(566)

2158(647)

< 0.0001

Fat, g/day

74.4 (25.7)

82.0 (25.9)

83.1 (27.0)

84.1(27.8)

< 0.0001

66.8 (19.2)

74.5 (17.9)

< 0.0001

Protein, g/day

81.5 (18.2)

88.0 (18.2)

87.8 (20.4)

86.4 (19.9)

< 0.0001

65.0 (14.2)

70.5 (12.7)

< 0.0001

Carbohydrate, g/day

413.2 (66.0)

392.4 (65.6)

389.7 (70.4)

389.0 (70.1)

< 0.0001

305.0 (48.2)

284.8 (42.8)

< 0.0001

Fiber, g/day

13.9 (5.8)

16.2 (6.8)

14.9 (5.3)

13.8 (5.6)

< 0.0001

12.6 (4.9)

14.8 (5.5)

< 0.0001

  1. NA: Not applicable.
  2. Data are means (SD) or median (inter-quartile range) where appropriate.
  3. * All the nutrients are energy adjusted using residual regression method.