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Table 3 Percent difference in inflammatory markers associated with increasing seropositive pathogen burden* and increasing number of pathogens exhibiting high antibody response† in a sub-sample of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2002).

From: The influence of persistent pathogens on circulating levels of inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Method

Inflammatory marker

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Seropositive pathogen burden*

IL-6

2.2 (-0.9,5.3)

0.7 (-2.9,4.4)

-1.4 (-5.0,2.4)

-2.6 (-6.0,0.9)

 

CRP

1.4 (-4.1,7.2)

0.5 (-5.9,7.3)

-2.0 (-8.4,4.9)

-4.2 (-10.1,2.0)

 

Fibrinogen

0.7 (-0.3,1.6)

-1.2 (-2.3,0.0)

-1.6 (-2.7,-0.5)

-1.7 (-2.8,-0.6)

High antibody response to multiple pathogens†

IL-6

9.3 (4.9,13.8)

5.8 (1.5,10.3)

4.4 (0.0,8.9)

1.7 (-2.4,6.0)

 

CRP

8.0 (0.2,16.4)

4.3 (-3.3,12.5)

2.2 (-5.3,10.4)

-0.2 (-7.3,7.4)

 

Fibrinogen

2.0 (0.7,3.3)

0.7 (-0.6,2.0)

0.4 (-0.9,1.8)

0.2 (-1.1,1.5)

  1. *Seropositive pathogen burden: seropositivity to 0-5 pathogens analyzed as a continuous variable.
  2. †High antibody response to multiple pathogens: high antibody response to 0-5 pathogens analyzed as a continuous variable.
  3. Coefficient (95% CI) shows the percent difference in inflammatory marker level per additional seropositive pathogen or per additional pathogen exhibiting a high antibody response.
  4. Model 1 adjusted for age and sex
  5. Model 2 adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity
  6. Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and education
  7. Model 4 adjusted for all of the above plus body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking (pack years), diabetes, medications, self-rated health.