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Table 2 Inflammatory marker levels by seropositivity and high antibody response to each pathogen in a sub-sample of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2002).

From: The influence of persistent pathogens on circulating levels of inflammatory markers: a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Pathogen

Seropositivity* or antibody response†

N

IL-6, pg/mL

CRP, mg/L

Fibrinogen, mg/dL

Cytomegalovirus

Negative

227

1.07 (1.04)

1.90 (1.08)

345 (75)

 

Positive

758

1.18 (1.02)

2.01 (1.05)

349 (73)

 

   P-value

-

0.06

0.5

0.5

 

Q1-Q3

510

1.13 (1.03)

1.83 (1.06)

344 (75)

 

Q4

249

1.31 (1.04)

2.44 (1.08)

360 (69)

 

   P-value

-

0.004

0.002

0.002

Herpes simplex virus-1

Negative

150

1.05 (1.05)

1.67 (1.10)

333 (65)

 

Positive

835

1.18 (1.02)

2.04 (1.04)

351 (75)

 

   P-value

-

0.05

0.06

0.006

 

Q1-Q3

600

1.15 (1.03)

2.02 (1.05)

350 (78)

 

Q4

248

1.24 (1.04)

2.09 (1.08)

353 (68)

 

   P-value

-

0.2

0.7

0.4

Hepatitis A virus

Negative

425

1.14 (1.03)

2.02 (1.06)

353 (76)

 

Positive

574

1.17 (1.03)

1.95 (1.05)

342 (70)

 

   P-value

-

0.6

0.7

0.02

 

Q2-Q4

319

1.13 (1.04)

1.85 (1.07)

348 (73)

 

Q1

255

1.21 (1.04)

2.10 (1.08)

357 (79)

 

   P-value

-

0.2

0.2

0.2

H. pylori

Negative

531

1.13 (1.03)

1.99 (1.06)

347 (76)

 

Positive

454

1.18 (1.03)

1.97 (1.06)

350 (72)

 

   P-value

-

0.3

0.9

0.5

 

Q1-Q3

215

1.17 (1.04)

1.96 (1.09)

347 (69)

 

Q4

246

1.20 (1.04)

1.98 (1.08)

352 (74)

 

   P-value

-

0.7

0.9

0.5

C. pneumoniae

Negative

288

1.14 (1.04)

1.90 (1.08)

349 (77)

 

Positive

697

1.16 (1.02)

2.02 (1.05)

347 (72)

 

   P-value

-

0.6

0.5

0.7

 

T1-T2

534

1.12 (1.03)

1.99 (1.05)

346 (72)

 

T3-T4

175

1.32 (1.06)

2.11 (1.11)

353 (72)

 

   P-value

-

0.005

0.6

0.2

  1. Presented as geometric mean (SE) for IL-6 and CRP; mean (SD) for fibrinogen
  2. Q1-Q4 represents lowest through highest quartiles for all pathogens except C. pneumoniae
  3. T1-T4 represents titer groups for C. pneumoniae
  4. P-values by one-way ANOVA
  5. *Cut-offs for seropositive status: cytomegalovirus≥ 8.0 Elisa Units (EU)/mL; herpes simplex virus-1 ≥ 16.0 EU/mL; hepatitis A virus, rate≤ 200; H. pylori≥ 0.90 EU/mL; C. pneumoniae≥ 1.0 Microimmunofluorescence (MIF) units
  6. †High antibody response defined as top quartile of antibody response to pathogen (lowest quartile for hepatitis A virus) and titer groups 3-4 for C. pneumoniae. Low-intensity defined as bottom three quartiles to pathogens and titer groups 0-2 for C. pneumoniae.