Table 1 Selected demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and biochemical characteristics by outcome status among 4,468 participants in the Shanghai Diabetes Study
Characteristics | Diabetes (n = 2,050) | IFG (n = 308) | Control (n = 2,110) | P value†|
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) * | 63 (40-79) | 63 (41-79) | 59 (40-79) | < 0.0001 |
   40-49, % | 5 | 4 | 12 | < 0.0001 |
   50-59, % | 30 | 32 | 45 |  |
   60-69, % | 38 | 39 | 30 |  |
   70-79, % | 27 | 25 | 12 |  |
Sex (female, %) | 59 | 65 | 70 | < 0.0001 |
Education (years, %) | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   0-6 | 31 | 30 | 19 |  |
   7-9 | 54 | 50 | 62 |  |
   ≥ 10 | 15 | 20 | 19 |  |
Family history of diabetes, % | 31 | 12 | 11 | < 0.0001 |
Smoking status, % | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   Current | 17 | 12 | 14 |  |
   Never | 77 | 84 | 83 |  |
   Past | 6 | 4 | 4 |  |
Alcohol drinking, % | Â | Â | Â | < 0.0001 |
   Current | 13 | 13 | 14 |  |
   Never | 83 | 86 | 85 |  |
   Ex-drinker | 4 | 2 | 1 |  |
Leisure physical activity, % | Â | Â | Â | 0.02 |
   Low | 63 | 59 | 67 |  |
   Moderate | 36 | 41 | 33 |  |
   High | 1 | 0 | 1 |  |
BMI (kg/m2)* | 25.1 (13.1-43.4) | 25.1 (16.5-37.2) | 24.3 (15.4-42.1) | < 0.0001 |
Waist (cm)* | 87 (59-125) | 86 (62-119) | 83 (56-115) | < 0.0001 |
Waist-hip ratio* | 0.89 (0.62-1.25) | 0.89 (0.68-1.11) | 0.86 (0.64-1.10) | < 0.0001 |
SBP (mmHg)* | 139 (90-218) | 140 (90-192) | 130 (82-213) | < 0.0001 |
DBP (mmHg)* | 80 (54-130) | 82 (56-110) | 80 (48-120) | 0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/l)* | 7.5 (2.5-23.1) | 6.1 (3.6-7.0) | 4.9 (2.1-7.8) | < 0.0001 |
HBA1c (%)* | 7.1 (0.0-17.5) | 6.2 (4.3-8.0) | 5.8 (0.0-12.6) | < 0.0001 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/l)* | 4.44 (0.93-11.91) | 4.43 (2.81-8.53) | 4.47 (2.03-11.32) | 0.31 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l)* | 1.53 (0.50-22.75) | 1.62 (0.46-12.65) | 1.35 (0.09-21.10) | < 0.0001 |
LDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)* | 2.72 (0.39-6.81) | 2.80 (1.31-5.64) | 2.75 (0.54-8.64) | 0.004 |
HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/l)* | 1.13 (0.00-2.60) | 1.10 (0.58-2.05) | 1.22 (0.00-2.74) | < 0.0001 |