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Table 5 Comparison of selected effect estimates 1 year after the intervention (among studies meta-analysed and not meta-analysed)

From: Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: are physical activity and nutrition interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author, year, reference #

Study

Type

Effect size for weight*

% achieving a) ≥ 7% or

b) ≥ 5% weight loss

% Reduction in diabetes incidence

Effect size for FPG mmol/L

Effect size for 2-hr OGTT mmol/L

Effect for waist circumference (cm)

Effect on fat intake as % of total energy

Effect on fibre intake g/day

Reference Trials

         

DPP Research Group, 2002 [1]

RCT

-5.6 Kg

a) 49%

NR§

-0.3

NR

NR

-6.6%

NR

Finnish DPS [5]

RCT

-4.2 Kg

b) 43%

NR§

-0.1

-0.8

-4.4

-21%

-12%

Meta-Analysed Trials

         

Barclay, 2008 [87]**

RCT

-2.7 Kg

 

NR

-0.02

NR

-6.01

NR

NR

Bo, 2007 [48]

RCT

-0.75 Kg

 

NR

-0.26

NR

-2.55

NR

+1.7

Kosaka, 2005 [49]

RCT

-2.5 Kg

 

0.5%

NR@1 yr

NR

NR

NR

NR

Dyson, 1997 [50]

RCT

-0.5 Kg

 

NR

-0.1

+0.4

NR

-3.5%

+0.9

Studies Not Meta-Analysed

         

Greaves, 2008 [86]

RCT

-0.3 Kg

b) 24%

NR

NR

NR

-1.6

NR

NR

Torgerson, 2004 [80]**

RCT

-6.2 Kg

 

NR

+ 0.2

- 0.4

-7.0

NR

NR

Whittemore, 2009 [78]***

ClustRCT

-1.5 Kg

b) 25%

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

McTigue, 2009 [84]

BAC

- 5.2 Kg

a) 27%

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Eriksson, 1991 [79]

BAC

-5.0 Kg

 

-37%

NR

-1.5

NR

NR

NR

Pagoto, 2008 [14]

B-A

-5.5 Kg

a) 30%

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Laatikainen, 2007 [83]

B-A

-2.5 Kg

 

-23%

- 0.14

- 0.58

-4.2

NR

NR

Absetz, 2005 & 2009 [77, 82]

B-A

-1.0 Kg

 

NR

+ 0.15

0.0

-1.2 in F

+2.3 in M

NR

52% met goal

  1. NR = not reported
  2. References to a) or b) indicate comparison to US DPP or Finnish DPS respectively
  3. * values presented for B-A studies are changes from before to after intervention; values for RCT are differences in change before and after the intervention in the 'lifestyle treatment' group only
  4. § cumulated diabetes incidence reduction (~58%) reported over 4 and 6 years (US DPP & Finish DPS, respectively)
  5. ** values presented as before-after for the lifestyle + placebo group only (excludes effects of medication arm)
  6. *** estimates at 6 months