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Table 2 Description of studies by lifestyle components and modality of each intervention

From: Reduction of diabetes risk in routine clinical practice: are physical activity and nutrition interventions feasible and are the outcomes from reference trials replicable? A systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Physical activity program*

Dietary modif-ication*

Face-to-face

Counselling

Phone couns-elling

Outcome assessment

Duration

(months)

Control

Intervention

Program

delivered

by

Outcomes assessed by

Author, year [reference]

Structured

Unstructured

 

No. Individual sessions

No. Group sessions

No.

Objective

Self-report

Inter-vention

Follow-up

   

Barclay,

2008 [87]

 

Y

Y

-

6

-

Y

Y

1

6

Usual management from GP or nurse

Nutritional scientist, psychologist, aerobics instructor

Nutritionist, research assistant

Greaves,

2008 [86]

 

Y

Y

11

 

2

Y

Y

6

6

Usual care + information only

Health promotion counsellor

Researcher

Bo,

2007 [48]

 

Y

Y

1

4

-

Y

Y

12

12

Usual care + general verbal information

GPs, endocrinolog-ists, nutritionists

Physician

Kosaka,

2005 [49]

 

Y

Y

1

16

-

Y

Y

12

48

Verbal lifestyle advice every 6 months

NR

NR

Torgerson,

2004 [80]

 

Y

Y

54

-

-

Y

Y

48

48

Same lifestyle advice minus medication

Dieticians

Doctors & other PHC staff

Dyson,

1997 [50]

Y

 

Y

5

-

-

Y

 

12

12

Once only, written basic lifestyle advice

Dietician, fitness instructor, physician

NR

Whittemore,

2009 [78]

Y

 

Y

6

-

5

Y

Y

6

6

20-30 minutes with nurse & 45 minutes with nutritionist

Nurses

Nurses

McTigue,

2009 [84]

 

Y

Y

 

12

   

12

12

No intervention

Nurses

Physicians

Eriksson,

1991 [79]

Y

 

Y

7

-

-

Y

-

12

60

No specific diabetes prevention intervention or no intervention

Dietician, Nurse, Physiotherapist

Doctor

Pagoto,

2008 [14]

Y

 

Y

 

16

 

Y

 

4

4

No control group

Dieticians, psychologists, exercise physiologists

Physicians

Laatikainen,

2007 [83]

Y

 

Y

 

6

Y

Y

 

8

12

No control group

Dieticians, Nurses, Physiotherapist

Other PHC

Absetz,

2005,

2009 [82]

Y

 

Y

 

6

  

Y

8

12

No control group

Nurse, dietician, Physiotherapist

Doctor, Nurse

  1. Y = Yes, reported NR = not reported GPs = general practitioners
  2. * Structured = Participants received standard set of sessions with instructions on specific dietary and/or physical activity requirements and goals;
  3. Unstructured = participants were given generic instructions on improved lifestyle or had flexibility to apply them and no specific goal was set apart from improved diet or physical activity in relation to baseline.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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