Characteristic | Age and sex adjusted (Model I)†| Adjusted for the final model (Model III)‡ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n | OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI |
Occupation (SES) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Non-manual | 185 | 1 [ref] | . | . | . | . |
   Manual | 112 | 2.56 | 1.35-4.87 | . | . | . |
   Self-employed | 40 | 1.27 | 0.44-3.68 | . | . | . |
Smoking, current | 332 | 1.46 | 0.73-2.90 | . | . | . |
BMI | 340 | 1.11 | 1.04-1.20 | . | . | . |
Alcohol consumption | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Lowa | 264 | 1 [ref] | . | . | . | . |
   Mediumb | 36 | 0.91 | 0.33-2.55 | . | . | . |
   Highc | 25 | 2.33 | 0.84-6.51 | . | . | . |
Disease (self rep.diagnosis) | 341 | 1.09 | 0.61-1.96 | . | . | . |
Past sickness absence | 340 | 2.37 | 1.28-4.40 | . | . | . |
I Work environment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Job strain | 324 | 14.85 | 2.54-86.69 | 298 | 11.71 | 1.69-81.01 |
   Psychological demands | 327 | 1.07 | 0.95-1.21 | 299 | 1.07 | 0.93-1.22 |
   Decision latitude | 338 | 0.84 | 0.75-0.94 | 309 | 0.83 | 0.73-0.95 |
Social support at work | 319 | 0.88 | 0.76-1.02 | 289 | 0.88 | 0.75-1.04 |
Overcommitment | 330 | 1.00 | 0.94-1.07 | 300 | 1.05 | 0.97-1.14 |
II Emotional support | 338 | 1.28 | 0.90-1.81 | 307 | 1.28 | 0.89-1.86 |
III Psychological resources | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1. Sense of coherence | 338 | 0.96 | 0.93-0.99 | 308 | 0.97 | 0.93-1.00 |
2. Mastery | 331 | 0.86 | 0.78-0.95 | 300 | 0.84 | 0.76-0.94 |
3. Self-esteem | 329 | 0.90 | 0.85-0.96 | 299 | 0.91 | 0.85-0.98 |
4. Perceived control | 312 | 0.95 | 0.91-0.99 | 285 | 0.97 | 0.92-1.01 |
Previous back pain | 330 | 2.78 | 1.31-5.92 | 301 | 2.62 | 1.18-5.84 |